The respiratory microbiome after lung transplantation: Reflection or driver of respiratory disease?

With the introduction of high-throughput sequencing methods, our understanding of the human lower respiratory tract's inhabitants has expanded significantly in recent years. What is now termed the "lung microbiome" has been described for healthy patients, as well as people with chronic lung diseases and lung transplants. The lung microbiome of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) has proven to be unique compared with nontransplant patients, with characteristic findings associated with disease states, such as pneumonia, acute rejection, and graft failure. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the lung microbiome in LTRs, not only focusing on bacteria but also highlighting key findings of the viral and the fungal community. Based on our knowledge of the lung microbiome in LTRs, we propose multiple opportunities for clinical use of the microbiome to improve outcomes in this population.

Scombroid Poisoning with Concurrent Brevundimonas Septicemia: A Unique Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

Scombroid poisoning is a predominantly self-limited illness associated with ingestion of poorly handled fish. It is not frequently associated with bacteremia and has never been described with Brevundimonas septicemia. We describe a case of a man who presented in shock with histamine poisoning after ingesting sushi. Blood cultures grew an uncommon pathogen, Brevundimonas vesicularis. This case demonstrates systemic bacterial infection in the setting of histamine poisoning, which is an atypical presentation for a well-known foodborne illness.