RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser irradiation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic treatment. In this randomized split-mouth double blind clinical trial, 11 female patients aged 14 to 25 years (mean 19 ± 4.21 year), who required canine retraction following four first premolars extraction, were selected. The GaAlAs laser diode laser (A.R.C. Laser GmbH, Nürnberg, Germany) (980 nm, 100 mW, 5.6 J/cm2, three points from the buccal side and three from lingual side of the tooth, 56 s, running in continuous mode) was used for canine retraction in only one maxillary quadrant (LG). The irradiation time for each cervical and middle third of the tooth was 10 s, and 8 s for the apical third of the tooth. The other maxillary quadrant served as the control group (CG) using the laser pseudo-application in this side. The laser irradiation was applied on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of each month during the canine retraction phase. Canine retraction was done using closed coil spring with 150 g force on rectangular wires after the alignment and leveling. This study was done in 11 months. Dental casts were made at different time points during the treatment, and the amount of tooth movement was measured. To evaluate the levels of IL-6, GCF samples were collected from the distal side of the maxillary canine teeth on both quadrants at the beginning of the trial, the end of aligning phase, and on day 21 of each month during canine retraction. Although the mean rate of canine retraction was higher in the LG (0.013) than the CG (0.012) and there was definitely a tendency for more canine retraction in the LLLI, but the results failed to show any significant difference between the mean rate of canine retraction of both groups (P = 0.068). A paired t test showed that there was no significant difference in the mean concentration of IL-6 at various stages of the treatment between the groups during canine distalization (P > 0.05). Therefore, conclusive evidence could not be provided to support the efficacy of the diode laser (980 nm) in accelerating OTM in female subject.
Assuntos
Líquido do Sulco Gengival/efeitos da radiação , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A multidisciplinary intervention to reduce protein-energy malnutrition among children in rural areas was piloted in 3 provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Based on an initial situation analysis, a range of interventions were implemented through local nongovernmental organizations, including nutrition, health and literacy education for mothers, improved growth monitoring and fostering rural cooperatives and income generation schemes. Malnutrition before and after the intervention (in 1996 and 1999) was assessed using anthropometric measurements of random samples of children aged 6-35 months in control and intervention areas. Three years into the intervention, all indicators of malnutrition had consistently decreased in all intervention areas and the prevalence of underweight and stunting was significantly lower. Control areas showed a mixed pattern of small increases and decreases in malnutrition indicators.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle , Organizações/organização & administração , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Rural/organização & administração , Antropometria , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Ciências da Nutrição Infantil/educação , Pré-Escolar , Comportamento Cooperativo , Escolaridade , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Relações Interinstitucionais , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Mães/educação , Avaliação das Necessidades , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Projetos Piloto , Prevalência , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/epidemiologia , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
A multidisciplinary intervention to reduce protein-energy malnutrition among children in rural areas was piloted in 3 provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Based on an initial situation analysis, a range of interventions were implemented through local nongovernmental organizations, including nutrition, health and literacy education for mothers, improved growth monitoring and fostering rural cooperatives and income generation schemes. Malnutrition before and after the intervention [in 1996 and 1999] was assessed using anthropometric measurements of r and om samples of children aged 6-35 months in control and intervention areas. Three years into the intervention, all indicators of malnutrition had consistently decreased in all intervention areas and the prevalence of underweight and stunting was significantly lower. Control areas showed a mixed pattern of small increases and decreases in malnutrition indicators
