Dietary acid load and its interaction with CETP TaqB1 polymorphisms on lipid profile among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: Gene-diet interaction plays a key role in the inter-individual differences in lipid abnormalities as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thus, we explored the interaction between CETP TaqB1 polymorphism with dietary acid load (DAL) on lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD: This cross-sectional study conducted on 220 Iranian patients with T2DM. Dietary acid load (PRAL and NEAP) was calculated via a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used for genotyping Taq1B polymorphism. Biochemical markers were measured by standard protocol. The interaction between CETP Taq1B polymorphism and DAL (PRAL and NEAP) on lipid profile was performed by a generalized linear regression model (GLM). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of rs708272 genotypes was 8.6%, 72.7% and 18.6% for B1B1, B1B2 and B2B2 genotype respectively. This study showed that people with the B1B1 genotype had greater LDL, TC, LDL/HDL, and TG when they consumed diets that scored higher on the NEAP and PRAL indexes than those with the B1B2 and B2B2 genotypes. Besides, carriers of the B1B1 allele who were in the highest tertile of NEAP, had lower HDL (P Interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the lipid profile might be improved in B1B1 homozygotes by less adherence to DAL indexes, however, the findings should be validated in high-quality interventional studies.

Association between the empirical dietary inflammatory index and musculoskeletal pain in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Inflammation has been proposed to be one of the main causes of musculoskeletal pain. Diet is a lifestyle factor that plays an important role in managing inflammation; thus, we assessed the inflammatory potential of diets using the empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII) to investigate the relationship between diet and musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 212 elderly individuals who were selected from health centers in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was evaluated using a valid and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire. To measure the intensity of pain, a visual analogue scale was used. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the association between the EDII and musculoskeletal pain. RESULTS: In total, 62.7% and 37.3% of participants had mild and severe pain, respectively. The EDII values were 0.97±0.72 and 1.10±0.66, respectively, in those with mild and severe pain. A higher EDII score was associated with more intense musculoskeletal pain after adjusting for age and sex (ß=0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.26; p<0.001), but not after adjustment for other confounders (ß=-0.13; 95% CI, -1.54 to 0.60; p=0.39). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that higher dietary inflammation might not be associated with musculoskeletal pain in older adults. However, further investigations are required to confirm these findings.

Association between dietary inflammatory potential and the probable sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Unlike the numerous studies concerning the role of dietary inflammatory potential in chronic diseases, limited studies focused on the association of dietary inflammatory potential with handgrip strength (HGS) and probable sarcopenia (PS). This study tends to explore the association between dietary inflammatory potential and PS among older adults in Tehran. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted between May and October 2019 on 201 randomly selected older adults in Tehran, Iran. A validated food frequency questionnaire was utilized for recording dietary intake. Dietary habits were evaluated through Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index (EDII). PS assessment was done by HGS estimation. Statistical evaluation included descriptive analyses, logistic, and linear regression. RESULTS: Those probably suffering from sarcopenia were older than healthy ones (p < 0.0001) and had significantly higher DII scores (p = 0.05) but not EDII (p = 0.85). Besides, PS subjects had a lower intake of anti-inflammatory nutrients. The odds of PS were doubled in people on the top tertile of DII (OR = 2.49, 95% (CI) = 1.11-5.58) and second tertile of EDII (OR = 2.29, 95% (CI) = 1.03-5.07) relative to bottom tertiles after adjusting for confounders. The relationships between index scores and HGS were simply significant in the adjusted model of EDII and HGS (B = -0.49, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Conclusively, participants adhering to a pro-inflammatory diet had more likelihood of PS. Findings are in line with current recommendations to reduce unhealthy foods with more inflammatory potential. These findings warrant confirmation in high-quality interventional studies.

Dietary acid load modifies the effects of ApoA2-265 T > C polymorphism on lipid profile and serum leptin and ghrelin levels among type 2 diabetic patients.

This investigation with aimed the effect of APOA2-265 T > C polymorphism and dietary acid load (DAL) as either potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) intake interaction on metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In present cross-sectional study, 737 patients with T2DM (290 men and 447 women) were enlisted from diabetes centers in Tehran. The dietary intakes of all participants during the last year was acquired by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency (FFQ) questionnaire. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping the APOA2-265 T > C. Biochemical indises containing leptin, ghrelin, total cholesterol (Bailey et al., J Clin Invest 97:1147-1453, 1996), low-density lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), high sensitivy C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and interleukin 18 (IL18) were measured by standard method. Atherogenic indices (AIP, AC, CR-I, CR-II) were calculated. The gene-diet interactions were evaluated using an GLM. The frequency overall prevalence of rs5082 genotypes was 63.82 and 36.17% for T-allele and C-allele respectively. TG, Ghrelin, and hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher among carriers with C allele than TT homozygotes. However, TC/CC genotypes have lower PTX3 than TT homozygotes (P < 0.05). C-allele carriers had highest mean of BMI (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.006), WC (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.04), TC (PNEAP=0.03, PPRAL = 0.01), ghrelin (PNEAP=0.01, PPRAL = 0.04), and leptin (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.03) when placed in top tertiles of NEAP and PRAL.BMI, WC, TC, ghrelin, and leptin levels may be modified in C carriers by decreasing DAL, though, further investigations are required to confirm these findings.

Musculoskeletal Pain Is Associated with Dietary Diversity Score among Community-Dwelling Older Adult: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal pains (MSP) are the most common cause of long-term severe pain and physical disability among older adults. This study is aimed at determining the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and MSP in Tehran's older adults. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional one that employed 213 participants with and without MSP complaints between May and October 2019 in Tehran, Iran. A 100 mm length visual analog scale questionnaire was used to assess pain along with a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire for DDS evaluation. Statistical analyses included descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: 85% of the participants had a range of MSP with a low but insignificant DDS compared to individuals without pain (p = 0.12, 3.24 (±0.86) vs. 3.43 (±0.85), respectively). A significant association was observed among the quartiles of DDS that most of the subjects with MSP were in the lowest quartile relative to the highest one (p = 0.02). Moreover, the association between DDS and MSP remained significant in the adjusted model (OR = 0.28, 95%(CI) = 0.08 - 0.99). CONCLUSION: A high-quality diet is important. Our study showed that a higher dietary diversity might be associated with lower MSP in older adults. More robust interventional studies are thus warranted to confirm the results.

ApoA2-256T > C polymorphism interacts with Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Quality Index-International and Dietary Phytochemical Index to affect biochemical markers among type 2 diabetic patients.

Several investigations revealed the association between ApoA2 concentration and lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Dietary habits also play a major role in the health status of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the interaction of ApoA2-256T > C with dietary indexes on ghrelin and leptin hormones together with biochemical markers among individuals with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 726 randomly selected individuals with T2DM. A validated FFQ was used to evaluate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI). ApoA2-256T > C genotypes were detected by real-time-PCR. Ghrelin, leptin and biochemical markers were also assessed. ANCOVA was used for the interaction between the polymorphism and dietary indexes. A significant interaction was observed between ApoA2-256T > C and DQI-I on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Besides, the interaction of the SNP and DPI significantly affected hs-CRP and 8-isoprostane F2α (PGF2α) levels. CC in the second tertile of DPI had the lowest hs-CRP level, and it was elevated due to adhering to DQI-I (Pinteraction = 0·01 and 0·04, respectively). Moreover, T-allele (protective allele) carriers with the highest level of PGF2α and SOD activity were those in the second tertile of DPI and DQI-I, respectively (Pinteraction = 0·03 and 0·007, respectively). SOD activity, hs-CRP and PGF2α concentration may be modified in T-allele carriers and CC by the adherence to DPI and DQI-I, though additional studies are required to confirm these findings.

Interaction between CETP Taq1B polymorphism and HEI, DQI and DPI on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multidimensional consequence of environmental and genetic factors. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B polymorphism has been reported as a main predictor of dyslipidaemia, comprising an important complication in persons with T2DM. However, diet could affect T2DM patients metabolic health. METHODS: We investigated the combination of gene-diet effects on some metabolic biomarkers. In our cross-sectional study, blood samples of 220 patients were collected. Dietary indices (healthy eating index, dietary quality index and dietary phytochemical index) were obtained from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. CETP Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism method. Data were analysed by analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The interaction between the CETP Taq1B polymorphism and dietary indices on low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein was significant (p < 0.001 both crude and adjusted models). In addition, the interaction between polymorphism and dietary quality index on total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.004 crude model, p = 0.005 after adjusting) and pentraxin 3 (p = 0.01 both crude and adjusted models) was significant. Also, the interaction between polymorphism and healthy eating index on waist circumference (p = 0.005 both crude and adjusted models) and dietary phytochemical index on interleukin-18 (p = 0.03 crude model) was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated the effect of CETP Taq1B polymorphism on some inflammatory and anthropometrics markers (total antioxidant capacity, pentraxin 3, interleukin-18, low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein and waist circumference) with high and low adherence to dietary incides.

Association between Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores and probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling Iranian older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Sarcopenia is associated with frailty and disability in older adults. Adherence to current dietary guidelines in addition to physical activity could prevent muscle wasting and weakness. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) is a tool to assess diet quality. We aimed to investigate the association between HEI scores and probable sarcopenia (PS) among older adults in Tehran. 201 randomly selected older adults were included in this cross-sectional study between May and October 2019 in Tehran, Iran. A previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate HEI scores and dietary intake. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured to evaluate the PS. Statistical evaluation included descriptive analysis, logistic and linear regression. Those probably suffering from sarcopenia had significantly lower HEI scores (P=0⋅02). After adjusting for confounders, HEI scores and HGS were still significantly associated (adjusted R2=0⋅56, slope ß=0⋅03, P=0⋅09). Older adults with a low PS had a higher ratio of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P= 0⋅06) and ingested less added sugars and saturated fats (P=0⋅01 and P=0⋅02, respectively). Furthermore, consuming more total protein foods correlated positively with muscle strength (P=0⋅01, R=0⋅18). To sum up, HEI scores were associated with PS, measured by HGS, indicating that adhering to the HEI might improve muscle strength in aging individuals.