RESUMO
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) is a pathogen with the capacity to modulate the interferon type I system. To further investigate the effects of BVDV-1 on the production of the immune response, the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line was infected with the cytopathic CH001 field isolate of BVDV-1, and the IFNbeta expression profiles were analyzed. The results showed that cpBVDV-1 was able to induce the production of IFNbeta in a way similar to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, but with less intensity. Interestingly, all cpBVDV-1 activities were blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of the IRF-1, IRF-7, and NF-κB signaling pathway, and the level of IFNbeta decreased at the level of transcript and protein. These results, together with in silico analyses showing the presence of several regulatory consensus target motifs, suggest that cpBVDV-1 regulates IFNbeta expression in bovines through the activation of several key transcription factors. Collectively, the results suggest that during cpBVDV-1 infection, cross talk is evident between various signaling pathways involved in transcriptional activation of IFNbeta in cattle.
Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Expressão Gênica/genética , Fator Regulador 1 de Interferon/genética , Fator Regulador 7 de Interferon/genética , NF-kappa B/genética , Animais , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/virologia , Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Fator Regulador 1 de Interferon/imunologia , Fator Regulador 7 de Interferon/imunologia , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Transdução de Sinais/imunologiaRESUMO
Prolactin has several immune functions in fish however, the effects on innate and specific components of rainbow trout immunity are currently unknown. Therefore in this study, prolactin peptide (pPRL) injection in rainbow trout generated anti-PRL antibodies that were confirmed through Western blot assays of fish brain tissue extract. At the same time, this group of fish was immunized with a viral antigen (VP2) and the specific antibody titer generated by the rainbow trout was subsequently determined, as well as the sero-neutralizing capacity of the antibodies. Interestingly, this group of fish (pPRL-VP2) generated approximately 150% less antibodies compared with fish immunized only with the viral antigen (VP2), and pPRL-VP2 fish increased their cortisol level by 4 times compared to the control. Additionally, through qPCR assay, we determined that the pPRL-VP2 fish group decreased pro-inflammatory transcript expression, and the serum of these (pPRL-VP2) fish stimulated ROS production in untreated fish leukocytes, a phenomenon that was blocked by the pharmacological cortisol receptor inhibitor (RU486). Collectively, this is the first report that indicates that pPRL could modulate both components of immunity in rainbow trout.
