RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The Health Exam for Adults Over 65 (EdS65+) is a health promotion program delivered in Primary Care (PC) settings in Andalusia. It seeks early detection of frailty and implementation of person-centered biopsychosocial intervention plans. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics and functional capacity of the participating population, as well as the interventions carried out. METHODS: The sample consists of EdS65+ participants between May 2018 and February 2020 (203,077 individuals). Sociodemographic variables, functional capacity and implemented interventions were collected. Descriptive statistics were obtained and significance tests were performed to measure the sample representativeness and to detect statistically significant differences in the study variables according to sex, age or degree of urbanization. RESULTS: Functional capacity screening results were as follows: autonomous individuals accounted for 61.8%, 22.5% were dependent, 8.2% were pre-fragile, 4.8% were frail and 2.6% were categorized with low dependency. The prevalence of frailty ranged from 1.8% in persons aged 65-69 years to 7.7% in 80-84 years, with overall prevalence of 6.8% in women and 2.1% in men. In the frail population, a basic assessment was performed in 45.4% of cases, health promotion counseling in 55.2%, and prescription of a physical activity program in 43.3% of cases. A total of 19.6% of participants had one or more follow-ups and of these, 13.7% had two or more. CONCLUSIONS: EdS65+ is a unique program in Europe in terms of its long-term implementation and large-scale application in Primary Care services. Hence, the results presented in this study are valuable in growing the knowledge base around frailty and the design and implementation of actions aimed at proactive health promotion and disease prevention.
OBJETIVO: El Examen de Salud para mayores de 65 años (EdS65+) es un programa de promoción de la salud contextualizado en la Atención Primaria (AP) de Andalucía. Busca detectar precozmente la fragilidad y determinar planes de intervención biopsicosociales centrados en la persona. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características y la capacidad funcional de la población participante, así como las intervenciones realizadas. METODOS: Muestra formada por participantes en EdS65+ entre mayo 2018 y febrero 2020 (203.077 personas). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, de capacidad funcional e intervenciones realizadas. Se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos y se realizaron pruebas de significación para medir la representatividad de la muestra y detectar diferencias estadísticamente significativas de las variables de estudio según sexo, edad o grado de urbanización. RESULTADOS: Las personas autónomas representaron el 61,8%, seguido del 22,5% de dependientes, 8,2% prefrágiles, 4,8% frágiles y 2,6% con baja dependencia. La prevalencia de fragilidad fue desde el 1,8% en personas de 65-69 años al 7,7% en 80-84 años, del 6,8% en mujeres y del 2,1% en hombres. En población frágil se realizó una valoración básica en el 45,4%, asesoramiento en promoción de la salud en el 55,2% y prescripción de un programa de actividad física en el 43,3%. Un 19,6% tuvo uno o más seguimientos y, de ellos, un 13,7% tuvo dos o más. CONCLUSIONES: El EdS65+ es un programa único en Europa en cuanto a su implementación a largo plazo y su aplicación a gran escala en los servicios de Atención Primaria, lo que hace que los resultados presentados en este estudio aporten gran valor al conocimiento de la fragilidad y al diseño y puesta en marcha de actuaciones dirigidas a la promoción proactiva de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad.
Assuntos
Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Sintetizar el conocimiento disponible sobre la contribución de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación al envejecimiento activo y saludable. METODOLOGÍA: En la primera fase de búsqueda se utilizó la base de datos GERION de la Biblioteca Virtual del Sistema Sanitario Público Andaluz (SSPA). En la segunda fase se realizó una búsqueda en Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, SciELO, MedlinePlus y ScienceDirect. Se utilizaron descriptores de lenguaje natural y lenguaje controlado. Se incluyeron estudios publicados en castellano e inglés en el período comprendido entre enero de 2013 y enero de 2018. Se realizó una metasíntesis cualitativa. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 262 estudios; se excluyeron 240: por estar duplicados, por no cumplir con los criterios de inclusión, por no disponer del texto completo y por no guardar relación con el objeto de estudio. Se incluyeron 22 estudios en la síntesis cualitativa. A partir de la identificación de temas emergentes y su agrupación en categorías, se construyó un modelo conceptual que explica la relación entre envejecimiento activo y saludable e innovación tecnológica. CONCLUSIONES: Las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación contribuyen al empoderamiento de las personas para el autocuidado; mejoran su autoeficacia y ayudan a mantener su autonomía en la toma de decisiones; favorecen su participación efectiva en los sistemas sanitarios y de cuidados, y contribuyen a la democratización de la salud. Su utilización está condicionada por el compromiso y la implicación de las personas mayores en su diseño, la adaptación a los entornos y preferencias de la persona usuaria, su simplicidad, comprensibilidad, utilidad percibida y facilidad de uso
OBJECTIVE: synthesize the available knowledge on the contribution of information and communication technologies to active and healthy ageing. METHODOLOGY: GERION database from the Virtual Library of the Public Health System of Andalusia was used in the first search phase. In the second phase, a search was performed using Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciELO, MedlinePlus, and Science Direct. Natural language and controlled language descriptors were used. Studies published in Spanish and English in the period January 2013 to January 2018 were included. Qualitative meta-synthesis was carried out. RESULTS: 262 studies were selected; 240 were excluded due to: duplication, not meeting the inclusion criteria, missing the full text, or not related to the object of study.22 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. From the identification of emerging issues and their grouping into categories, a conceptual model was constructed that explains the relationship between active and healthy ageing and technological innovation. CONCLUSIONS:Information and communication technologies contribute to the empowerment of people for self-care; improve their self-efficacy; help maintain their autonomy in decision-making; favor their effective participation in health and care systems; and contribute to the democratization of health. Its use is conditioned by the commitment and involvement of older people in its design, adaptation to the environments and preferences of the user, its simplicity, comprehensibility, perceived utility and ease of use
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Longevidade , Tecnologia da Informação/tendências , Saúde do Idoso , Uso do Telefone Celular/tendências , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , 57923 , AutocuidadoRESUMO
Andalusia is a region in the south of Spain with 8,4 million inhabitants of which 1,3 million are over 65 years old. Andalusia has been recognized as Reference Site by the European Commission within the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging. The Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia has put in place strategies to promote healthy and active aging. One of these strategies is enbuenaedad, a digital platform which main aim is to foster active and healthy aging. The target audience is people over 55 years old, caregivers of older adults, as well as health and other key professionals who work with this population. Content sections are inspired in the three pillars of the World Health Organization (WHO) policy framework for active and healthy aging: health, participation, and security, but introducing an additional one which is lifelong learning. One of the strengths of this platform is the creation process. Using a co-thinking design, all target groups get voice under the umbrella of empathy and are empowered by providing support, training, knowledge, and best practices. For its development, dissemination, maintenance, and improvement, the project advocates the unavoidable participation of key stakeholders representing all sectors involved: The Senior Council of Andalusia; Primary Health Care professionals; local authorities; Guadalinfo agents; Permanent Adult Education; and Active Participation Centers. Quantitative and qualitative data obtained within the process support this project. Since its launching, 10,779 users have registered to the platform with more than 157,000 visits. Focusing on WHO four pillars on active and healthy aging Enbuenaedad is based on, preliminary results show effectiveness regarding participation and social interaction. Furthermore, achieving high participation coverage is a necessary but not sufficient input to the provision of adequate approach to older people. More comprehensive evaluation of the four pillars must be taken to ensure a holistic approach. A challenge is a cooperation between three traditionally independent sectors, cooperative work between health, social services, and education is crucial for the future sustainability of this intervention.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
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