RESUMO
Picorna-like viruses of the order Picornavirales are a poorly defined group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that include numerous pathogens known to infect plants, animals, and insects. A new picorna-like viral species was isolated from the wild lime psyllid (WLP), Leuronota fagarae, in the state of Florida, USA, and labelled: Leuronota fagarae picorna-like virus isolate FL (LfPLV-FL). The virus was found to have homology to a picorna-like virus identified in the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, collected in the state of Florida. Computational analysis of RNA extracts from WLP adult heads identified a 10,006-nucleotide sequence encoding a 2,942 amino acid polyprotein with similar functional domain structure to polyproteins of both Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae. Sequence comparisons of nucleic acid and amino acid translations of the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, along with the entire N-terminal nonstructural coding region, provided insight into an evolutionary relationship of LfPLV-FL to insect-infecting iflaviruses. Viruses belonging to the family Iflaviridae encode a polyprotein of around 3000 amino acids in length that is processed post-translationally to produce components necessary for replication. The classification of a novel picorna-like virus in L. fagarae, with evolutionary characteristics similar to picorna-like viruses infecting Bactericera cockerelli and D. citri, provides an opportunity to examine virus host specificity, as well as identify critical components of the virus' genome required for successful transmission, infection, and replication. This bioinformatic classification allows for further insight into a novel virus species, and aids in the research of a closely related virus of the invasive psyllid, D. citri, a major pest of Floridian citriculture. The potential use of viral pathogens as expression vectors to manage the spread D. citri is an area that requires additional research; however, it may bring forth an effective control strategy to reduce the transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causative agent of Huanglongbing (HLB).
Assuntos
Citrus , Hemípteros , Rhizobiaceae , Vírus , Animais , Hemípteros/genética , Aminoácidos , Poliproteínas , Doenças das Plantas , Rhizobiaceae/genéticaRESUMO
Resumen Se determinó la presencia de ansiedad, depresión, estrés y apoyo social percibidos en el proceso de hospitalización, en una muestra probabilística de 232 personas, con un protocolo que incluyó entrevista semiestructurada, inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI), Escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria (HADS) (subescala de ansiedad), entrevista de apoyo social basada en la escala de Zimet y Escala de estrés percibido (PSS-14). Los resultados indican presencia de depresión en el 55% y de ansiedad en el 16% de los participantes, estrés percibido en promedio de 24.50 DE: 7.45 y mayor apoyo social percibido por parte de personas significativas y familiares. En relación con las variables socio-demográficas, se encontró mayor depresión en los adultos tardíos de sexo masculino, en unión libre y con estancia hospitalaria larga. La ansiedad y el estrés percibido fueron superiores en las mujeres solteras con estancia hospitalaria corta. El apoyo social percibido fue menor en los adultos de sexo masculino, casados y con estancia hospitalaria media. Se concluyó que es fundamental profundizar en la relación de las variables estudiadas para su correcto y oportuno tratamiento con un enfoque biopsicosocial, lo que es coherente con reportes de la literatura.
Abstract Presence of anxiety, depression, stress and social support perceived was determined in the hospitalization process, in a probabilistic sample of 232 people, with a protocol that included Semistructured Interviews, Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (anxiety subscale), Social Support Interview based on the Zimet's scale and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The results include 55% depression and 16% anxiety, average stress of 24.50 DE: 7.45 and higher perceived social support from families and significant others's side. About sociodemographic variables, greater depression was found in late male adults, unmarried with long hospitalization. Anxiety and perceived stress was higher in single women who have short hospitalization, finally perceived social support was lower in adult men, married and with average hospital stay. It is concluded, that is fundamental to merge on the relationship of the studied variables in order to get an accurate and appropriate treatment with a biopsychosocial approach in according to the literature.
