Diagnóstico prenatal de una trisomia parcial 5p asociada a hiperecogeneicidad intestinal / Prenatal diagnosis of partial trisomy 5p associated with hyperechogenic fetal bowel

Paciente de 30 años de edad, a la que a las 20 semanas de gestación se le realiza una amniocentesis por presentar feto con pies equinovaros, hiperecogeneicidad intestinal y quiste de los plexos coroideos. En el estudio citogenético se diagnosticó una trisomía parcial del brazo corto del cromosoma 5, de novo. Se analizan los hallazgos necrópsicos y el "síndrome 5p", asi como la relación entre hiperecogenicidad intestinal y la aparición de cromosomopatías (AU)

We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who underwent amniocentesis at 20 weeks of gestation since the fetus showed equinovarus feet, hyperechogenic fetal bowel and choroid plexus cyst. Cytogenetic study identified de novo partial trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 5. We analyze the autopsy findings and "5p syndrome" as well as the association between intestinal hyperechogenicity and the development of abnormal chromosomes (AU)

Cellular responses of Prochilodus lineatus hepatocytes after cylindrospermopsin exposure.

Cylindrospermopsin is a potent toxicant for eukaryotic cells produced by several cyanobacteria. Recently, primary hepatocyte cultures of Neotropical fish have been established, demonstrating to be a quite efficient in vitro model for cellular toxicology studies. In the current study, a protocol for culture of Prochilodus lineatus hepatocytes was established and utilized to investigate the cellular responses to purified cylindrospermopsin exposure. Hepatocytes were successfully dissociated with dispase, resulting in a cell yield of 6.36 × 10(7)cells g(-1) of liver, viability of 97% and attachment on uncoated culture flasks. For investigation of cylindrospermopsin effects, hepatocytes were dissociated, cultured during 96 h and exposed to three concentrations of the toxin (0.1, 1.0 or 10 µgl(-1)) for 72 h. Cylindrospermopsin exposure significantly decreased cell viability (0.1 and 1 µgl(-1)) and multixenobiotic resistance mechanism, MXR (all exposed groups), but increased reactive oxygen/nitrogen species levels (all exposed groups) and lipid peroxidation (10 µgl(-1)). On the other hand no significant alterations were observed for other biochemical biomarkers as 2GSH/GSSG ratio, protein carbonyl levels and DNA strand breaks or glutathione S-transferase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. In conclusion, hepatocytes might be made sensitive to cylindrospermopsin, at least in part, due to reduction of xenobiotics and endobiotics efflux capacity by MXR. Additionally, the toxin exposure suggests important issues regarding hepatocytes survival at the lowest cylindrospermopsin concentrations.

Vitellogenesis and other physiological responses induced by 17-beta-estradiol in males of freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen.

This study investigated the effects of different doses of 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) in Rhamdia quelen. Groups of males exposed to different doses of E(2) (0.1 mg kg(-)(1), 1 mg kg(-)(1) and 10 mg kg(-)(1)) were compared with non-exposed male and female fish groups. Among the considered biomarkers, no significant differences were observed for micronuclei test, reduced glutathione concentration and lipid peroxidation. All E(2)-treated individuals had decreased glutathione S-transferase activity. Increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, increased vitellogenin expression and decreased metallothionein concentration were observed in males treated with the highest dose. Liver of all test groups showed necrotic areas, but cytoplasm vacuolization was again found only in the individuals exposed to highest dose. E(2) causes deleterious hepatic effects to R. quelen, and vitellogenin expression, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and metallothionein concentration represent appropriate biomarkers for studying E(2) effects. Additionally, the response of some biomarkers was similar in males exposed to E(2) and unexposed females, and therefore exposure to endocrine disruptors may cause consequences for fish populations.

Clear cell sarcoma: a case mimicking primary cutaneous malignant melanoma.

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a recently described variant of sarcoma characterized by prominent clear cells showing features similar to clear cell melanoma. This neoplasm was first described by Dr. Franz M. Erzinger. Primary CCS usually arises in deeper soft tissues, in association with fascia, tendons, or aponeuroses. Characteristic translocation t(12;22) (q13;q12) has been considered pathognomonic for CCS. Prognosis is related to tumor size. An early recognition and initial radical surgery is the key to a favourable outcome. We present a patient with an unusual neoplasm that resembled malignant melanoma.

Neoclerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria caerulea.

Five new neoclerodane diterpenoids have been isolated from Scutellaria caerulea: (11S*)-6 alpha-acetoxy-7 beta,11-diisobutiryloxy-1 beta,8 beta-dihydroxy-4(18),13-neoclerodadien-15,16-olide (scuterulein A) (1); (13R*)-1 beta-6 alpha-7 beta-triacetoxy-11 beta-benzoyloxy-8 beta,13-epoxy-4(18)-neocleroden-15,16-olide (scuterulein B) (2); (11S*)-1 beta,6 alpha,11-triacetoxy-7 beta-isobutiryloxy-8 beta-hydroxy-4(18),13-neoclerodadien-15,16-olide (scuterulein C) (3); (11S*)-6 alpha,11-diacetoxy-7 beta-isobutiryloxy-1 beta,8 beta-dihydroxy-4(18),13-neoclerodadien-15,16-olide (deacetyl scuterulein C) (4), and (11E)-6 alpha-acetoxy-7 beta-isobutiryloxy-1 beta,8 beta-dihydroxy-4(18),11,13-neoclerodatrien-15,16-olide (scuterulein D) (5). Structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. An X-ray analysis was carried out on scuterulein B (2).

The pimarane-type diterpenoids of Salvia microphylla var. neurepia.

From the aerial parts of SALVIA MICROPHYLLA var. NEUREPIA, in addition to beta-sitosterol and ursolic acid, four pimarane-type diterpenoids were isolated. Their structures, 7alpha-hydroxysandaracopimaric acid ( 3), 7alpha-acetoxysandaracopimaric acid ( 1), 14alpha-hydroxyisopimaric acid, and 8(14),15-sandaracopimaradien-7alpha,18-diol were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.

Aplicación de métodos no destructivos en el diagnóstico de estructuras

Se presenta en este trabajo la aplicación de ensayos in situ para el diagnóstico de estructuras, mediante alta tecnología. La aplicación y funcionalidad de "Métodos no destructivos" mediante equipos tales como el ultrasonido para determinar la calidad de los concretos y el profómetro para determinar la posición y diámetro del acero de refuerzo, se han constituido en una valiosa herramienta para los casos de revisión de obras que se desean reestructurar, remodelar o ampliar. Se incluyen distintos casos los que se analizan en cuanto a la importancia de los mismos y a la conveniencia o beneficios obtenidos con la aplicación de la metodología anteriormente apuntada.(AU)

Nuevas técnicas para el análisis del subsuelo

Se presenta en este trabajo una revisión de las técnicas disponibles en el país y su metodología como es la penetración estándar. Posteriormente se exponen las nuevas tecnologías desarrolladas para el "estudio in situ" del subsuelo y su incidencia en los costos de las obras.(AU)