RESUMO
Introducción:Determinar el grado de conocimientos que tie-nen los pacientes en hemodiálisis sobre su enfermedad y trata-miento, valorar su capacidad para hacerse el autocuidado y su relación con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y trans-versal en dos unidades de diálisis. Se estudiaron 31 pacien-tes en hemodiálisis con edad media de 67,2±14 años (71% hombres). Se estudió nivel de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad y tra-tamiento, capacidad de autocuidado y calidad de vida (lámi-nas COOP/WONCA). Se recogieron, además, variables socio-demográficas, clínicas, comorbilidad y grado de dependencia.Resultados: El 9,7% de los pacientes eran laboralmente acti-vos. El 16,1% no tenía formación, 38,7% básica, 32,3% secun-daria y 12,9% universitaria. El 61% tenía un grado de conoci-mientos alto sobre su enfermedad y tratamiento, el 32% medio y el 7% bajo.El 52 % de los pacientes mostraron alta capacidad para el au-tocuidado y el 48% media. El 3,2% de los pacientes presentaba dependencia severa, moderada el 22,6%, leve el 6,5%, siendo autónomos el 67,7%.La puntuación media en el cuestionario de calidad de vida fue de 24,06±6,5 puntos.Encontramos relación significativa entre el grado de conocimien-tos con edad (0,384, p<0,05) y nivel formativo (0,464, p<0,01).Conclusiones: Los pacientes presentan un alto nivel de cono-cimiento sobre su enfermedad y tratamiento, alto grado de autonomía y capacitación para el autocuidado, siendo los más jóvenes y con mayor nivel formativo, los que muestran mejores resultados, sin que estas variables tengan relación con la cali-dad de vida (AU)
Introduction:To determine the level of knowledge that hemodialysis patients have about their disease and treatment, assess their ability for self-care, and examine its relationship with health-related quality of life.Material and Method:A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in two dialysis units. Thirty-one hemodialysis patients were studied, with a mean age of 67.2±14 years (71% male). The study assessed the level of knowledge about the disease and treatment, self-care ability, and quality of life (using COOP/WONCA charts). Additionally, sociodemographic, clinical, comorbidity, and dependence variables were collected.Results: 9.7% of the patients were employed. 16.1% had no formal education, 38.7% had basic education, 32.3% had secondary education, and 12.9% had a university education. 61% had a high level of knowledge about their disease and treatment, 32% had a moderate level, and 7% had a low level.52% of the patients demonstrated a high capacity for self-care, while 48% showed a moderate capacity. 3.2% of the patients exhibited severe dependence, 22.6% moderate dependence, 6.5% mild dependence, and 67.7% were autonomous. The average score on the quality-of-life questionnaire was 24.06±6.5 points. A significant relationship was found between the level of knowledge and age (0.384; p<0.05) and educational level (0.464; p<0.01).Conclusions: Patients exhibit a high level of knowledge about their disease and treatment, along with a high degree of autonomy and self-care capabilities. Younger patients and those with higher education levels show better results, although these variables do not appear to be directly related to quality of life (AU)
Assuntos
Diálise Renal , Educação em Saúde , Autocuidado , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection provides high sensitivity but low specificity for moderate-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse histological identification. A prospective study evaluated mRNA testing efficacy for predicting this histological diagnosis in case of HPV 16 and/or 18 DNA detection. A total of 165 endocervical samples harboring HPV 16 and/or 18 DNA were tested with NucliSENS-EasyQ® HPV E6/E7-mRNA-assay (Biomerieux, Marcy l´Etoile, France). Women with cytological alterations were referred to colposcopy (n = 111). Moderate-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse was diagnosed in 25.8% of women presenting atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and in 89.8% of women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. mRNA sensitivity was 81.3% and 84.1%, respectively. Specificity was 52.2%, and 80.0%, respectively. Negative predictive value (NPV) was 88.9% in undetermined or low-grade squamous lesions. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 97.4% in high-grade squamous lesions. mRNA reduced colposcopies by 44.3% in undetermined or low-grade squamous lesions. Direct treatment of mRNA-positive cases reduced 77.5% of colposcopies in high-grade squamous lesions. Women without cytological alterations were followed for 18 months (n = 35), and moderate-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse was diagnosed in 34.3%; mRNA sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 86.9%, respectively. PPV and NPV were 76.9% and 90.9%, respectively for predicting moderate-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse in 18 months. mRNA reduced the number of visits for follow-up in 62.2%. In conclusion, NucliSENS-EasyQ® HPV E6/E7-mRNA-assay (Biomerieux) can serve as a triage test in case of HPV 16 and/or 18 DNA detection.
