[Informed consents readability in vascular surgery and its progress over time]. / Legibilidad de los consentimientos informados en cirugía vascular y análisis de su evolución en el tiempo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Doctors provide patients the information in written form by informed consents (IC), being the readability essential in the quality of care. The primary endpoint was to analyze the readability of IC published by the Chapter of Endovascular Surgery (CCEV) of the Spanish Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (SEACV) in 2019, and its evolution to those published by the SEACV in 2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ICs were organized by sectors and we obtained the following parameters: syllables, words, phrases, average words/phrases and syllables/words, Flesch, Flesch-Szigriszt, Fernández-Huerta and Gunning-Fog indexes, as well as the grade on the Inflesz scale. RESULTS: The Flesch index classified the CCEV consents as very difficult, and the Gunning-Fog index reflected a readability equivalent to university texts. The Flesch-Szigriszt, Fernández-Huerta indexes and Inflesz scale classified them as normal. The ICs with less readability were those referring to supra-aortic trunks (SAT) and miscellaneous in the Fernández-Huerta (P<.020 and P<.05, respectively) and Flesch-Szigriszt (P<.05) indexes. However, ICs regarding venous pathology showed a better readability in this indexes (P<.006). CCEV consents were significantly longer than SEACV consents (P=.021). In addition, there was a decrease over time in the mean value of the Fernandez-Huerta and Flesch-Szigriszt indexes (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: Although CCEV consents had a normal readability, it has been observed a decrease in the readability indexes compared to those published in 2007 by the SEACV. In addition the length and content of the ICs should be reviewed, especially those relating to SAT and miscellaneous.

Estudio citogenético de tinción de bandas gtg en angiólogos y cirujanos vasculares expuestos de manera crónica a bajas dosis de radiación ionizante durante procedimientos endovasculares. Iradient study / Cytogenetic gtg-banding analysis in vascular surgeons chronically exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation during endovascular procedures. iradient study

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: En las últimas dos décadas, las técnicas endovasculares han supuesto un avance sin precedentes en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las enfermedades vasculares. Sin embargo, dichas técnicas suponen una exposición a radiación ionizante tanto para los pacientes como para el equipo quirúrgico. Algunos estudios sugieren la realización de análisis citogenéticos de manera complementaria a la dosimetría habitual. No obstante, hasta la fecha los datos sobre las alteraciones genéticas producidas por la exposición crónica a dosis bajas de radiación son escasos. El presente estudio es parte del Iradient Study (Ionizing RADiation in ENdovascular Treatments) de inestabilidad genómica en angioIólogos y cirujanos vasculares (PI-18-967). El objetivo principal fue validar el análisis genómico mediante tinción de bandas GTG (G-banding by Trypsin with Giemsa) como marcador de alteraciones genómicas en angiólogos y cirujanos vasculares expuestos de manera crónica a dosis bajas de radiación ionizante. Material y Métodos. Estudio nacional, observacional y transversal de casos y controles de aneuploidias en angiólogos y cirujanos vasculares expuestos de manera crónica a bajas dosis de radiación ionizante versus controles no expuestos a radiación ionizante. Las variables categóricas se analizaron mediante el Test exacto de Fisher siendo que las variables cuantitativas se analizaron prueba de Kruskall-Wallis o U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 24 sujetos como casos, provenientes de 13 centros distintos, y 4 sujetos sanos como controles. El tiempo de exposición medio a radiación ionizante del grupo de casos fue 18.9 ± 3.2 años. No se objetivó correlación entre la edad y el tiempo de exposición a radiación ionizante y la presencia de aneuploidias. En el estudio de tinción de bandas GTG no se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto al porcentaje de metafases hipodiploides (controles 27.06 ± 16.00% versus casos 18.80 ± 8.59%, p = 0.144), porcentaje de metafases hiperdiploides (controles 3.58 ± 3.55% versus casos 1.48 ± 2.53%, p = 0.082) ni en cuanto al porcentaje de alteraciones estructurales (controles 3.97 ± 3.43% versus casos 10.63 ± 8.89%, p = 0.126). CONCLUSIONES: La edad y el tiempo de exposición a radiación ionizante no se relacionan con un aumento significativo de aneuploidias mediante técnica de tinción de bandas GTG. Ni tipo de actividad endovascular realizada, ni el tipo de quirófano utilizado suponen un aumento de inestabilidad genómica según el análisis de tinción de bandas GTG. Según los resultados del presente estudio no se valida el análisis de tinción de bandas GTG como marcador de inestabilidad genómica en angiólogos y cirujanos vasculares expuestos de manera crónica a radiación ionizante

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The past two decades have witnessed the development and growth of the endovascular techniques, however, this new technology is not exempt from risks, since its use requires an ionizing radiation exposure to both patients and surgeons. In this context, the long-term repercussion of this type of chronic exposure to low dose ionizing radiation of the vascular sur-geons is still unknown. Some studies suggest the use of routine cytogenetic analysis to complement the conventional dosimetry, yet he real genomic effects of chronic low dose ionizing radiation exposure is still unclear and an ideal biodosimetry marker hasn't been described. The present study is part of the Iradient Study (Ionizing RADiation in ENdovascular Treatments) of genomic instability in vascular surgeons (PI-18-967). In this setting, the main goal of the present study was to validate the cytogenetic GTG-banding (G-banding by Trypsin with Giemsa) technique as a biomarker of genomic instability associated to the chronic low dose exposure to ionizing radiation of vascular surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: National, observational and transversal case control study of ge-nomic instability among vascular surgeons chronically exposed to low dose ionizing radiation compared to healthy control patients with no previous history of radiation exposure. The statistical analysis of the categorical variables was performed using the Fisher exact test and the quantitative variables were studies using the Kruskall-Wallis or U de Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: 24 subjects from 13 different hospitals were included as cases, and 4 healthy non-exposed subjects were included as controls. There were no meaningful differences in terms age and demographical variables between groups. In the case group the mean exposure duration was 18.93±3.2 years. There was no significant correlation between age and duration of exposure and the presence of aneuploidies in the GTG-banding analysis. In the GTG-banding chromosome study there were no significant differences between groups in terms of the rate of hipodiploid metaphases (controls 27.06 ± 16.00% versus cases 18.80 ± 8.59%, p = 0.144), rate of hiperdiploid metapha-ses (controls 3.58 ± 3.55% versus cass 1.48 ± 2.53%, p = 0.082) or rate of structural chromosome aberrations (controls 3.97 ± 3.43% versus cases 10.63 ± 8.89%, p = 0.126). CONCLUSIONS: Nor the age or the duration of exposure to ionizing radiation were associated with a higher rate of chromosomal aberrations with the GTG-banding study. Also, the type of endovascular activity and the type of surgical room weren't associated with an increase in the genomic instability in the GTG-banding study. The present results do not allow the validation of the GTG-banding analysis as a biomarker of long term exposure to low dose radiation during endovascular procedures

Tratamiento endovascular de oclusión de arteria renal en paciente monorreno / Endovascular treatment of acute renal occlusion in a patient with a solitary kidney

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Results of superficial fermoral artery stenting in patients with chronic steno-occlusive disease

Objective: To analyse clinical outcome after failure of endovascular stenting of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) in patients with steno-occlusive lesions. Material: A prospective study including patients with atherosclerotic disease treated between January 2007 and December 2013 with self-expansible stents in the superficial femoral artery (n=194). Excluded patients with steno-occlusive lesions affecting also iliac arteries. Methods: Analyzed the demographic and hemodynamic characteristics before and after the procedure, and their clinical consequences on the limb. The following variables were taken into consideration: gender, clinical state (Leriche - La Fontaine Classification), location of lesion (TASC - II Classification), Ankle - Brachial Index (ABI) in preoperative and postoperative period, number of stents deployed and runoff (preoperative angiography). We identified failure of the procedure considering clinical worsening, ABI and dupplex techniques during follow up. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate survival analysis were applied on variables analyzed. Results: The mean time of follow up was 22,7 months, ranging between 1 and 84 months after SFA stenting. Mean period free of reintervention or thrombosis was 8,2 months, ranging between 1 day and 52 months after stenting. Limb salvage rate was up to 46,6%, in clinical state III and IV groups. Amputation rate was 5,67% of total patients. Although 50% of these patients had a clinical state III or IV, global patency rates reached up to 46,6% in these groups. A statistically significant difference on the outcome of stenting was found in the increased postoperative ankle-brachial index (p<0,01), runoff (p = 0,03) and number of stents (p<0,01). Conclusions: Failure of stenting in AFS was not associated with significant clinical deterioration, despite most patients with failure of primary endovascular treatment required secondary surgical procedures. The low incidence of thrombosis and reduced amputation rate suggest that these procedures are effective with acceptable patency rates and limb salvage

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Relación entre la historia reproductiva femenina y la aterosclerosis carotídea / Relationship between female reproductive history and carotid atherosclerosis

OBJETIVO: Los estrógenos han sido implicados en el desarrollo de patología aterosclerótica a nivel de las extremidades inferiores y la aorta abdominal. El estudio de la historia reproductiva de las pacientes con estenosis carotídea puede contribuir al conocimiento de los factores de riesgo de aterosclerosis. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue investigar si existen diferencias en la historia reproductiva entre mujeres con patología oclusiva carotídea y mujeres sanas, así como su influencia en el grado de severidad de la misma. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles incluyendo a 153 pacientes con (78) y sin (75) patología oclusiva carotídea. Las pacientes con estenosis de carótida se subdividieron según el estudio mediante eco-Doppler en ligera (< 30%, 16,6%), moderada (30-49%, 16,6%), significativa (50-60%, 12,8%), severa (70-99%, 34,6%) y trombosada (100%, 19,2%). Se utilizó un cuestionario validado de 54 preguntas para obtener información sobre historia reproductiva (edad de menarquia y menopausia, número de hijos, uso de anticonceptivos y terapia hormonal sustitutiva y cirugía ginecológica), comorbilidades (diabetes, dislipidemia, tabaquismo, cardiopatía y enfermedad arterial periférica) y tratamiento farmacológico concomitante. RESULTADOS: Ambos grupos fueron comparables en edad, peso, altura y comorbilidades. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto al número de hijos (1,4 ± 1 vs. 3,2 ± 2, p = 0,04) y uso de estatinas (92,0 ± 28% vs. 13,3 ± 35%, p = 0,02), siendo mayor en el grupo de mujeres con patología carotídea. La influencia de posibles factores hormonales como la edad de menarquia y menopausia, así como la toma de anticonceptivos orales o sustitutos estrogénicos, no se demostró durante el estudio. No existieron diferencias significativas en la historia reproductiva entre los diferentes grados de estenosis carotídea. CONCLUSIONES: La multiparidad se asocia a un incremento de patología oclusiva carotídea. Este hallazgo sugiere que la maternidad podría comportarse como un factor de riesgo aterosclerótico y debería considerarse al establecer el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres. El verdadero papel de los estrógenos sobre la patología oclusiva carotídea necesita ser todavía estudiado

OBJECTIVE: Estrogens have been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic disease in the lower limbs and abdominal aorta. The reproductive history study of patients with carotid stenosis may contribute to the understanding of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in reproductive history between women with carotid occlusive disease and healthy women, and the influence of these differences on its severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 153 patients with (78), and without (75) carotid occlusive disease. Patients with carotid stenosis were sub-divided according to the Doppler ultrasound results, into slight (<30%, 16.6%), moderate (30-49%, 16.6%), significant (50-60%, 12.8%), severe (70-99%, 34.6%), and thrombosed (100%, 19.2%). A validated questionnaire of 54 questions was used to gather information on reproductive history (age at menarche and menopause, number of children, use of contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, and gynecological surgery), comorbidities (diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease), and concomitant drug therapy. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in age, weight, height, and comorbidities. There were significant differences in the number of children (1.4±1 vs 3.2±2, P=0.04) and statin use (92.0±28% vs 13.3±35%, P=0.02), being higher in the group of women with carotid disease. The possible influence of hormonal factors such as age at menarche and menopause, as well as oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement was not demonstrated during the study. No significant differences were found in reproductive history between different degrees of carotid stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Multiparity is associated with increased carotid occlusive disease. This finding suggests that motherhood might behave as an atherosclerotic risk factor and should be considered when determining cardiovascular risk in women. The real role of estrogen in carotid occlusive disease still needs to be studied

Embolización de venas hipogástricas como tratamiento de síndrome de congestión Pélvica / Hypogastric vein embolisation as treatment in pelvic congestion syndrome

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