PGE2 alleviates kidney and liver damage, decreases plasma renin activity and acute phase response in cirrhotic rats with acute liver damage.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on renal and hepatic function using an experimental cirrhosis model plus acute liver damage (ALD). Male Wistar rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks were used for the cirrhosis model. Cirrhotic rats were further exposed to an additional acute dose of CCl4 to induce ALD and then treated with PGE2 intramuscularly twice a day for 7 days (200 microg/Kg/day). PGE2 administration started 3 h after the additional dosing of CCl4 and PGE2 effect on hepatorenal function was examined on days 1, 2, 3, and 7. PGE2-treatment ameliorated the decrease in urinary sodium excretion, and normalized serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and plasma renin observed in cirrhotic rats with ALD. In addition, PGE2-treatment decreased mean arterial pressure, glomerular hypercellularity and thickening of the kidney capillary wall, and liver steatosis and cellular necrosis. Also, PGE2 increased the number of regenerative nodules. Finally, PGE2-treatment inhibited the increase in Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (pAGP), fibrinogen, and Apo A-1 mRNA expression by 83%, 59%, and 77%, respectively. These results suggest that PGE2 administration may decrease the expression of acute phase proteins. In conclusion, PGE2-treatment improved hepatic and renal function and may be useful to down-regulate the acute phase response in cirrhotic rats presenting ALD induced by CCl4.

Diagnostic value of the copper/zinc ratio in digestive cancer: A case control study

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the copper/zinc ratio (Cu/Zn ratio) in the evaluation of a large group of patients with digestive cancer compared to gender and age-matched control subjects. A total of 282 patients was studied and separated into three groups: group I (n=75), patients with digestive cancer, group II (n=112), patients with bening digestive disease, and group II (n=95), healthy subject. Serum levels of copper and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that the serum levels of copper (mg/dL) in patients with digestive cancer (91.6 ñ27.3, p<0.05) were significantly higher than in patients with benign digestive diseasde (75.8 ñ 19.8) or healthy subjects (54.4 ñ 8.9) and the serum levels of zinc (mg/dl) were significantly lower (68.7 ñ 21.9, p<0.05) compared to benign digestive disease patients (80.1 ñ 18.7) or healthy subjects (100 ñ 11.4 mg/dl). The Cu/Zn ratio was also significantly higher in patients with digestive cancer (1.45 ñ .58, p<0.05) than those with benign digestive disease (0.95 ñ 0.28) or healthy subjects (0.55 ñ 0.13). Considering a cutoff value of 0.87, the sensitivity of the copper/zinc ratio was 82.2 percent, with a specificity of 65.7 percent, a positive predictive value of 45.8 percent and a negative predictive value of 91.3 percent. In conclusion, Cu/Zn ratio was found to be considerably higher in patients with digestive cancer compared to age-and gender-matched controls, with a sensitivity of 82.2 percent that might be useful in the evaluation of suspected malignancy

Cronología de hipertensión portal, disminución de excreción de sodio y activación del sistema renina-angiotensina en cirrosis biliar experimental / Time relationships between portal hypertension, decrease in sodium excretion, and activation of the renin angiotensin system in rats with experimental biliary cirrhosis

Objetivos. 1) Evaluar las alteraciones bioquímicas, renales, histológicas y hemodinámicas esplácnicas y sistémicas que ocurren en la cirrosis biliar inducida por ligadura del conducto colédoco en ratas; y 2) conocer la relación cronológica entre el inicio de hipertensión portal, disminución de excreción urinaria de sodio y activación del sistema renina-angiotensina. Metodología. Se estudiaron 127 ratas macho de la cepa Wistar con ligadura del conducto colédoco a diferentes periodos de tiempo (una, dos, tres y cuatro semanas de obstrucción) y se compararon con 30 ratas controles. Resultados. La presión portal aumentó significativamante a partir de la primera semana de obstrucción (11.7 ñ 1.5 vs 7.8 ñ 1.5 mmHg, p < 0.05) mientras que la presión arterial media se mantuvo estable hasta la cuarta semana en que presentó una ligera disminución no significativa (91.3 ñ 6.6 vs 96.1 ñ 8.6 mmHg) en ratas controles. Se observó una disminución significativa en la excreción urinaria de sodio a partir de la primera semana de obstrucción (1.1 ñ 0.5 mEq/24 h) comparado con el grupo de las ratas controles (2.3 ñ 0.6). También se observó hiperreninemia desde la primera semana (5.1 ñ 2 vs 2.4 ñ 1.3 ng Ang I/mL/h, p < 0.05) e hiperaldosteronismo desde la segunda semana (103 ñ 46 vs 25 ñ 8.8 ng/24 h, p < 0.05) comparados con el grupo control. Conclusión. El inicio de la hipertensión portal a la primera semana de obstrucción biliar se relaciona cronológicamente con el inicio de la disminución de la excreción urinaria de sodio y con la hiperreninemia y el hiperaldosteronismo. Este modelo experimental de cirrosis podría ser útil para evaluar el efecto de diversas maniobras terapéuticas que tengan como objetivo detener o prevenir el proceso cirrógeno, incluyendo las alteraciones en la excreción urinaria de sodio