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BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested associations between trends of web searches and COVID-19 traditional metrics. It remains unclear whether models incorporating trends of digital searches lead to better predictions. MethodsAn open-access web application was developed to evaluate Google Trends and traditional COVID-19 metrics via an interactive framework based on principal components analysis (PCA) and time series modelling. The app facilitates the analysis of symptom search behavior associated with COVID-19 disease in 188 countries. In this study, we selected data of eight countries as case studies to represent all continents. PCA was used to perform data dimensionality reduction, and three different time series models (Error Trend Seasonality, Autoregressive integrated moving average, and feed-forward neural network autoregression) were used to predict COVID-19 metrics in the upcoming 14 days. The models were compared in terms of prediction ability using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the first principal component (PC1). Predictive ability of models generated with both Google Trends data and conventional COVID-19 metrics were compared with those fitted with conventional COVID-19 metrics only. FindingsThe degree of correlation and the best time-lag varied as a function of the selected country and topic searched; in general, the optimal time-lag was within 15 days. Overall, predictions of PC1 based on both searched termed and COVID-19 traditional metrics performed better than those not including Google searches (median [IQR]: 1.43 [0.74-2.36] vs. 1.78 [0.95-2.88], respectively), but the improvement in prediction varied as a function of the selected country and timeframe. The best model varied as a function of country, time range, and period of time selected. Models based on a 7-day moving average led to considerably smaller RMSE values as opposed to those calculated with raw data (median [IQR]: 0.74 [0.47-1.22] vs. 2.15 [1.55-3.89], respectively). InterpretationThe inclusion of digital online searches in statistical models may improve the prediction of the COVID-19 epidemic. FundingEOSCsecretariat.eu has received funding from the European Unions Horizon Programme call H2020-INFRAEOSC-05-2018-2019, grant Agreement number 831644.
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PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of visual field deterioration in contralateral eyes of patients with worsening open-angle glaucoma and to evaluate the spatial concordance of visual field deterioration between both eyes. METHODS: One hundred sixteen open-angle glaucoma patients who underwent 8 or more visual field examinations over > or =6 years of follow-up were included. The rates of the fast and slow components of visual field decay for each of 52 visual field test locations were calculated with point-wise exponential regression analysis. The spatial concordance of visual field deterioration in contralateral eyes was evaluated with a concordance ratio (calculated as the number of overlapping locations divided by the total number of deteriorating locations) and by comparing the rate of decay in corresponding modified glaucoma hemifield test clusters. RESULTS: The average visual field mean deviation (+/-standard deviation [SD]) was -8.5 (+/-6.4) dB and the mean (+/-SD) follow-up time was 9.0 (+/-1.6) years. Sixty-three patients had mild damage, 23 had moderate damage, and 30 had severe damage. The mean concordance ratio (+/-SD) was 0.46 (+/-0.32) for the mild group, 0.33 (+/-0.27) for the moderate group, and 0.35 (+/-0.21) for the severe group. Thirty-one patients (27%) had deterioration in concordant locations (p < 0.05). Visual field deterioration was greater in the superior hemifield than the inferior hemifield (p < 0.05) when evaluated with both the concordance ratio and modified glaucoma hemifield test cluster analysis methods. CONCLUSIONS: There is only fair spatial concordance with regard to visual field deterioration between the both eyes of an individual. We conclude that testing algorithms taking advantage of inter-eye spatial concordance would not be particularly advantageous in the early detection of glaucomatous deterioration.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Testes de Campo Visual , Campos Visuais/fisiologiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, clínico y ciego único con 40 pacientes (37 mujeres y 3 hombres) con diagnóstico de ataques agudos de migraña. El 50 por ciento de los pacientes estuvo en el grupo de 18 a 30 años de edad. En forma aleatoria se les aplicó ya fuere una ampolleta de metoclopramida vía intravenosa o una ampolleta de 6 mg de sumatriptán vía subcutánea. Se valoraron los signos vitales, la intensidad de la cefalea y los síntomas asociados durante una hora. La cefalea disminuyó o tuvo alivio en el 100 por ciento de los pacientes tratados con metoclopramida por vía intravenosa; siendo mejor que la respuesta con sumatriptán (70 por ciento), con diferencia estadística de p< 0.01. En cuanto a los síntomas asociados ambos medicamentos aliviaron la mayoría de los síntomas, pero la metoclopramida tuvo mejor respuesta para aliviar la náusea, siendo estadísticamente significativo con p< 0.01. Los signos vitales permanecieron en márgenes normales desde la aplicación del medicamento y la valoración del paciente hasta el término de ésta. Nosotros concluimos que la metoclopramida intravenosa es eficaz en el tratamiento de ataques agudos de migraña y de los síntomas asociados
