RESUMO
Cyberlindnera jadinii M9 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus M10 isolated from textile-dye liquid effluents has shown capacity for chromium detoxification via Cr(VI) biological reduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of hexavalent chromium on synthesis of novel and/or specific proteins involved in chromium tolerance and reduction in response to chromium overload in two indigenous yeasts. A study was carried out following a proteomic approach with W. anomalus M10 and Cy. jadinii M9 strains. For this, proteins extracts belonging to total cell extracts, membranes and mitochondria were analyzed. When Cr(VI) was added to culture medium there was an over-synthesis of 39 proteins involved in different metabolic pathways. In both strains, chromium supplementation changed protein biosynthesis by upregulating proteins involved in stress response, methionine metabolism, energy production, protein degradation and novel oxide-reductase enzymes. Moreover, we observed that Cy. jadinii M9 and W. anomalus M10 displayed ability to activate superoxide dismutase, catalase and chromate reductase activity. Two enzymes from the total cell extracts, type II nitroreductase (Frm2) and flavoprotein wrbA (Ycp4), were identified as possibly responsible for inducing crude chromate-reductase activity in cytoplasm of W. anomalus M10 under chromium overload. In Cy.jadinii M9, mitochondrial Ferredoxine-NADP reductase (Yah1) and membrane FAD flavoprotein (Lpd1) were identified as probably involved in Cr(VI) reduction. To our knowledge, this is the first study proposing chromate reductase activity of these four enzymes in yeast and reporting a relationship between protein synthesis, enzymatic response and chromium biospeciation in Cy. jadinii and W. anomalus.
Assuntos
Cromo/toxicidade , Resíduos Industriais , Proteômica , Indústria Têxtil , Leveduras/enzimologia , Leveduras/genética , Biodegradação Ambiental , Catalase/genética , Catalase/metabolismo , Corantes , Meios de Cultura/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Metionina/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/genética , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Saccharomycetales/enzimologia , Saccharomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Leveduras/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of increasing sulfate concentrations on chromium removal, to evaluate the effect of the presence of Cr(VI) on sulfate removal by Streptomyces sp. MC1 and to analyze the differential protein expression profile in the presence of this metal for the identification of proteins repressed or overexpressed. In the presence of Cr(VI) but in the absence of sulfate ions, bacterial growth was negligible, showing the Cr(VI) toxicity for this bacterium. However, the sulfate presence stimulated bacterium growth and Cr(VI) removal, regardless of its concentrations. Streptomyces sp. MC1 showed ability to remove chromium and sulfate simultaneously. Also, the sulfate presence favored the decrease of total chromium concentration from supernatants reaching a decrease of 50% at 48 h. In presence of chromium, seven proteins were down-expressed and showed homology to proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, energy production and free radicals detoxification while two proteins involved in oxidation-reduction processes identified as dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthase were overexpressed.
Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Cromo/metabolismo , Cromo/toxicidade , Microbiologia do Solo , Streptomyces/genética , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Sulfatos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Biomassa , Biologia Computacional , Meios de Cultura/química , Di-Hidrolipoamida Desidrogenase/genética , Di-Hidrolipoamida Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Resíduos Industriais , Oxirredução , Poluentes do Solo/química , Streptomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptomyces/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sulfatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo fue de diseñar un instrumento para la evaluación y seguimiento integral de todos los aspectos relevantes al uso del soporte nutricional enteral en los pacientes. La investigación bibliográfica proporcionó información de los elementos metodológicos y técnicos, los cuales se integraron con la historia y al evolución clínica, así como los perfiles metabólicos y la terapia farmacológica, dando origen a la Historia de Soporte Nutricional Enteral (HSNE), para ser empleada en todo paciente que requiera este tipo de terapia. La HSNE ha permitido:1) evaluar la evolución de 250 pacientes desde Enero 90 a Diciembre 92; 2) valorar la eficacia del soporte; 3) establecer uniformidad en la discusión de casos clínicos en revistas docentes, siendo a la vezuna fuente de información para la realización de estudio en el área del Soporte Nutricional. La HSNE es una herramienta útil en la práctica clínica diaria, ya que permite la organización sistemática de los datos, facilitando la integración del conocimiento teórico con el práctico y proporcionando estadísticas locales que puedan ser comparadas con las de otros hospitales nacionales e internacionales
