Tratamiento de la coagulopatía en la hemorragia del paciente politraumatizado / Management of bleeding and coagulopathy following major trauma

El sangrado en el paciente traumatizado representa la primera causa de muerte potencialmente prevenible. La coagulopatía aguda traumática es una entidad específica con una fisiopatología diferente a las de otras causas de sangrado masivo. Un correcto manejo del sangrado del paciente politraumatizado precisa una identificación precoz de dicha coagulopatía, con el fin de iniciar en el menor tiempo posible la llamada resucitación hemostática. Ha habido importantes novedades en el manejo de esta entidad que se están incorporando a las guías actuales. Por ejemplo, la administración de ácido tranexámico o la utilización de ratios de transfusión cercanas al 1:1:1 (plasma fresco congelado: concentrado de plaquetas:concentrado de hematíes). Estas actuaciones y otras que analizaremos a continuación han logrado mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes con el aval de la evidencia científica (AU)

Bleeding is the most common preventable cause of death in trauma patients. Acute traumatic coagulopathy is a specific condition with a different pathophysiology from other causes of the massive bleeding. An early identification of the coagulopathy is fundamental to implementing rapid treatment. There have been many changes in the management of massive hemorrhage, for example, the administration of the tranexamic acid and the use of balanced transfusion ratio. This review presents these practical points, some of them with scientific evidence, in order to achieve a beneficial effect for patient outcomes (AU)

[Management of bleeding and coagulopathy following major trauma]. / Tratamiento de la coagulopatía en la hemorragia del paciente politraumatizado.

Bleeding is the most common preventable cause of death in trauma patients. Acute traumatic coagulopathy is a specific condition with a different pathophysiology from other causes of the massive bleeding. An early identification of the coagulopathy is fundamental to implementing rapid treatment. There have been many changes in the management of massive hemorrhage, for example, the administration of the tranexamic acid and the use of balanced transfusion ratio. This review presents these practical points, some of them with scientific evidence, in order to achieve a beneficial effect for patient outcomes.

Cytogenetic data in 41 patients with multiple myeloma. Karyotype and other clinical parameters.

Cytogenetic data of 41 patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) are reported. In all samples, cytogenetic studies were made of short-term and B-cell-stimulated culture: 20 cases (48.8%) showed chromosome abnormalities; 14 karyotypes were hypo- or pseudodiploid, and six were hyperdiploid. The most frequent numerical changes affected chromosomes 7, 11, 5 (gains), 14, 20, and Y (losses). Chromosome structural rearrangements of 22q were noted in six patients. Other and recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities were changes involving chromosomes 1, 14, and 17. A significant relation was observed between presence of chromosome abnormalities and the following hematologic parameters: clinical stage III (p = 0.0212), bone marrow (BM) plasma cell infiltration greater than 30% (p = 0.0379), presence of bone lesions (p = 0.0051), and beta 2-microglobulin levels greater than 4,000 md/dl (p = 0.0194).