[Cholestasic toxic hepatitis due to clopidogrel in a patient with multiple conditions]. / Hepatitis tóxica colestástica por clopidogrel en un pacientepluripatológico.

Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine-class antiplatelet drug commonly used in ischemic heart disease,cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease.Liver toxicity due to this drug is very infrequent.We found 16 cases in the literature, and in only two of them liver biopsy was carried out. We report the case of a 78 year old patient with multiple conditions affected by severe toxic cholestatic hepatitis due to clopidogrel and the results of the liver biopsy performed. Hepatitis was resolved after discontinuing the drug.Based on the characteristics of this case and other previously published cases, we review the characteristics of toxic hepatitis due to clopidogrel and its diagnosis and treatment.

Hepatitis tóxica colestástica por clopidogrel en un paciente pluripatológico / Cholestasic toxic hepatitis due to clopidogrel in a patient with multiple conditions

El clopidogrel es un fármaco antiagregante de la familia de la tienopiridinas muy utilizado en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica, ictus y arteriopatía periférica. La toxicidad hepática por este fármaco es muy infrecuente. En la bibliografía únicamente se han descrito 16 casos, y solo en dos de ellos se practicó una biopsia hepática. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 78 años pluripatológico que presentó una hepatitis tóxica colestásica severa por este fármaco y los hallazgos de la biopsia hepática que se le realizó. El cuadro se resolvió tras la retirada del fármaco. En base a los hallazgos de nuestro caso y los de los casos previamente publicados se revisan las características de la hepatitis tóxica por clopidogrel y su manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico (AU)

Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine-class antiplatelet drug commonly used in ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease. Liver toxicity due to this drug is very infrequent. We found 16 cases in the literature, and in only two of them liver biopsy was carried out. We report the case of a 78 year old patient with multiple conditions affected by severe toxic cholestatic hepatitis due to clopidogrel and the results of the liver biopsy performed. Hepatitis was resolved after discontinuing the drug. Based on the characteristics of this case and other previously published cases, we review the characteristics of toxic hepatitis due to clopidogrel and its diagnosis and treatment (AU)

Intoxicación aguda por anestésicos locales / Acute toxicity due to local anesthetics

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Multiingreso en el Servicio de Medicina Interna de un hospital terciario / Multiple hospitalizations at the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary hospital

Antecedentes y objetivos. El paciente multiingresador origina un gran consumo de recursos sanitarios. Hemos estudiado los factores asociados con el ingreso hospitalario múltiple en una cohorte de pacientes asistidos en un Servicio de Medicina Interna. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizaron 613 ingresos hospitalarios consecutivos. Se definió como paciente multiingresador a aquel que al ingresar contabilizaba 3 ingresos o más en los últimos 12 meses. Se analizó la relación de factores demográficos, clínicos y sociales con la característica de ser multiingresador. Además, se analizó el reingreso en los 6 meses siguientes al alta así como el fallecimiento en el ingreso y en los 6 y 12 meses siguientes al alta. Resultados. Los multiingresadores se caracterizaron frente a los no multiingresadores por ser de sexo masculino, ser más jóvenes y presentar mayor comorbilidad, mayor consumo de medicaciones y mayor puntuación en el índice de Katz. La principal causa de ingreso de los multiingresadores fue la «descompensación de una enfermedad crónica» (87,3%). Las enfermedades que se asociaron de forma más destacada con el multiingreso fueron la insuficiencia cardiaca, la diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. En los 6 primeros meses tras el alta los multiingresadores presentaron más reingresos. Durante el periodo de estudio, falleció el 40,4% de los pacientes multiingresadores y el 28,8% de los pacientes no multiingresadores. Conclusiones. Los pacientes multiingresadores presentaron mayor complejidad clínica que los no multiingresadores, y el multiingreso se asoció con las enfermedades crónicas, la polifarmacia, el deterioro funcional y tasas elevadas de mortalidad (AU)

Background and objectives. Patient who require multiple hospitalizations result in a considerable consumption of healthcare resources. In this study, we analyzed the factors associated with the multiple hospitalizations of a cohort of patients treated at a department of internal medicine. Patients and methods. A total of 613 consecutive hospitalizations were analyzed. A multiple-hospitalization patient was defined as one who at the time of admission had been hospitalized 3 or more times in the past year. We analyzed the relationship between demographic, clinical and societal factors on one hand and having been hospitalized on multiple occasions on the other. We also analyzed readmissions in the 6 months after discharge, as well as mortality during the hospitalization and in the 6 and 12 months after discharge. Results. When compared with patients who have not been hospitalized on multiple occasions, multiple-hospitalization patients are more likely to be male, younger and to have greater comorbidity, greater consumption of medicines and higher Katz Index scores. The main cause for admission for multiple-hospitalizations patients was chronic disease decompensation (87.3%). The diseases that were most obviously associated with multiple hospitalizations were heart failure, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the first 6 months after discharge, multiple-hospitalization patients had a greater number of readmissions. During the study period, 40.4% of the multiple-hospitalization patients died, and 28.8% of the nonmultiple-hospitalization patients died. Conclusions. Multiple-hospitalization patients have a greater clinical complexity than nonmultiple-hospitalization patients, and multiple hospitalizations are associated with chronic diseases, polypharmacy, functional impairment and high mortality rates (AU)

Multiple hospitalizations at the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary hospital. / Multiingreso en el Servicio de Medicina Interna de un hospital terciario.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patient who require multiple hospitalizations result in a considerable consumption of healthcare resources. In this study, we analyzed the factors associated with the multiple hospitalizations of a cohort of patients treated at a department of internal medicine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 613 consecutive hospitalizations were analyzed. A multiple-hospitalization patient was defined as one who at the time of admission had been hospitalized 3 or more times in the past year. We analyzed the relationship between demographic, clinical and societal factors on one hand and having been hospitalized on multiple occasions on the other. We also analyzed readmissions in the 6 months after discharge, as well as mortality during the hospitalization and in the 6 and 12 months after discharge. RESULTS: When compared with patients who have not been hospitalized on multiple occasions, multiple-hospitalization patients are more likely to be male, younger and to have greater comorbidity, greater consumption of medicines and higher Katz Index scores. The main cause for admission for multiple-hospitalizations patients was chronic disease decompensation (87.3%). The diseases that were most obviously associated with multiple hospitalizations were heart failure, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the first 6 months after discharge, multiple-hospitalization patients had a greater number of readmissions. During the study period, 40.4% of the multiple-hospitalization patients died, and 28.8% of the nonmultiple-hospitalization patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple-hospitalization patients have a greater clinical complexity than nonmultiple-hospitalization patients, and multiple hospitalizations are associated with chronic diseases, polypharmacy, functional impairment and high mortality rates.

[Study of quality of life of patients with heart failure in an Internal Medicine Department]. / Estudio de la calidad de vida de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en un Servicio de Medicina Interna.

INTRODUCTION: Quality of life (QL) is an important objective in the treatment of patients with heart failure (HF). We have measured QL and different factors that can affect it in a group of patients hospitalized with HF. METHODS: 34 patients with HF were cross-examined by means of a specific questionnaire: The "Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire" (MLWHFQ). Blood analyses, ecocardiographic measurements and specific questionnaires, were also carried out in order to evaluate other parameters which could affect QL: Age, sex, comorbidity, number of drugs taken, left ventricular ejection fraction, nutritional status, cognitive function, depression and functional capacity in daily life. RESULTS: QL measured by means of the MLWHFQ was quite high (mean: 34.3). The other tests yielded values within normality or next to normality. Depression was the factor more clearly associated with patients quality of life (p = 0.0001). We also found a statistically significant association with left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.03), age (p = 0.008) and albuminemia (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In our group of patients, QL was conditioned by depression, left ventricular ejection fraction, age and albuminemia.