RESUMO
Most of the somatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations described to date in non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are located in the kinase domain and are considered activating mutations. Some of these mutations are associated with response to specific EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as gefitinib and erlotinib. Here we report a case of a previously undescribed EGFR nonsense mutation in a lung adenocarcinoma patient who did not derive any clinical benefit with combination chemotherapy and erlotinib. To the best of our knowledge this is the second report in the literature describing an EGFR nonsense mutation in lung cancer patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Quinazolinas/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Sequência de Bases , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Códon sem Sentido , Cloridrato de Erlotinib , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Most of the somatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations described to date in non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are located in the kinase domain and are considered activating mutations. Some of these mutations are associated with response to specific EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as gefitinib and erlotinib. Here we report a case of a previously undescribed EGFR nonsense mutation in a lung adenocarcinoma patient who did not derive any clinical benefit with combination chemotherapy and erlotinib. To the best of our knowledge this is the second report in the literature describing an EGFR nonsense mutation in lung cancer patients (AU)
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Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Quinazolinas/uso terapêutico , Receptores ErbB/genética , /uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Sequência de Bases , Códon sem Sentido , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização in Situ FluorescenteRESUMO
It is shown that discrete solitons can be navigated in two-dimensional networks of nonlinear waveguide arrays. This can be accomplished via vector interactions between two classes of discrete solitons: signals and blockers. Discrete solitons in such two-dimensional networks can exhibit a rich variety of functional operations, e.g., blocking, routing, logic functions, and time gating.
RESUMO
We show that three approaches previously developed to describe partially incoherent wave propagation in inertial nonlinear media are in fact equivalent. This equivalence is formally established through the evolution of the mutual coherence function and by means of Karhunen-Loeve expansions.
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We experimentally demonstrate image transmission through a noninstantaneous self-focusing medium. A partially spatially incoherent soliton is used to form a multimode waveguide in a photorefractive crystal, and the modes of that waveguide are used to transmit an incoherent image through this nonlinear medium.
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We present experimental observations of self-trapped rings carrying zero topological charge, along with simulations that display the self-focusing dynamics of the rings and their stability features in materials with saturable nonlinearities.
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We show that reflection losses suffered by discrete solitons along sharp bends in two-dimensional waveguide-array networks can be almost eliminated. Analysis indicates that this can be accomplished by appropriately engineering the corner site of the bend. Our analytical results are verified by numerical simulations.
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The performance of switching junctions in two-dimensional discrete-soliton networks is analyzed theoretically by coupled-mode theory. Our analysis can be used for the design of routing junctions with specified operational characteristics. Appropriately engineering the intersection site can further improve the switching efficiency of these junctions. Our analytical results are verified by numerical simulations.
RESUMO
We report on the experimental observation of modulation instability of partially spatially incoherent light beams in noninstantaneous nonlinear media and show that in such systems patterns can form spontaneously from noise. Incoherent modulation instability occurs above a specific threshold that depends on the coherence properties (correlation distance) of the wave packet and leads to a periodic train of one-dimensional filaments. At a higher value of nonlinearity, the incoherent one-dimensional filaments display a two-dimensional instability and break up into self-ordered arrays of light spots. This discovery of incoherent pattern formation reflects on many other nonlinear systems beyond optics. It implies that patterns can form spontaneously (from noise) in diverse nonlinear many-body systems involving weakly correlated particles, such as atomic gases at (or near) Bose-Einstein condensation temperatures and electrons in semiconductors at the vicinity of the quantum Hall regime.
RESUMO
We identify elliptic incoherent spatial solitons in isotropic saturable nonlinear media. These solitary states are possible, provided that their correlation function is anisotropic. The propagation dynamics of this new class of solitons are investigated by use of numerical simulations. We find that, during a collision event of two such elliptic solitons, their intensity ellipse rotates, and at the same time their centers of gravity tend to revolve around each other.