A case of renal osteodystrophy with bilateral femoral neck fractures before renal replacement therapy / 대한내과학회지

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is an early complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Irreversible skeletal complications and deformities in children are already present before CKD progresses to end stage renal disease; therefore, the early detection of coexisting ROD is important in children with CKD. In the present work, we present a case of ROD in a 14-year-old female patient with chronic renal failure. The patient had already suffered bilateral femoral neck fractures before starting extracorporeal dialysis. On the 21st day after dialysis, external fixations of the femoral neck were performed.

A case of necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall complicating a renal biopsy / 대한내과학회지

Necrotizing fasciitis is an uncommon fatal soft-tissue infection that is rapid and very destructive. It destroys the connective tissue between the skin and muscle. The microbiological causes of necrotizing fasciitis include mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and group A streptococcus. Various host factors predispose to necrotizing fasciitis. Particularly, patients with diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, immunosuppression, advanced age, and intravenous drug abuse are at risk. The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is based on a single or combination of clinical indicators, laboratory and radiological studies, and surgical biopsy. The prognosis for necrotizing fasciitis depends on early recognition and determination of the extent of necrosis. Here, a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the abdomen secondary to a renal biopsy, a rare complication, is reported.

Changes of Depressive Symptoms and Nutritional Indices after Antidepressant Treatment in the Patients with Chronic Hemodialysis and Depression / 대한신장학회지

PURPOSE: Depression is common in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis, though success rate of treatment is low. This study aimed to investigate the features and severity of the depressive symptoms and nutritional indices, and significant changes after antidepressant treatment. METHODS: The authors assessed 45 patients. Diagnosis of depression was made using DSM-IV-TR and the depressive symptoms were evaluated using Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression via semi- structured interview. Subjective global assessment, anthropometric measurements and nutritional indices such as Kt/V, nPCR were examined. Depressive patients were treated for 8 weeks with SSRI (citalopram), and all the variables were examined again after the treatment. RESULTS: 19 (42.2%) patients were diagnosed as depression. Nutritional status was not different between patients with depression and those without depression. Compared to non-depressed patients, depressed patients showed significantly higher depressed mood, guilty feeling, suicide idea, psychic and somatic anxiety, lower work and activities, psychomotor retardation, sleep disturbances, general somatic symptoms and hypochondriasis. After antidepressant treatment, depressed mood, guilty feeling, suicide idea, psychic anxiety, initial insomnia, middle insomnia, early awakening, work and activities and general somatic symptoms were improved significantly. TSF (p<0.05), handgrip strength (p<0.01) and hematocrit (p<0.05) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: Antidepressant treatment is helpful not only for the improvement of depressive symptoms such as sleep and somatic symptoms but for the improvement of quality of life. Proper treatment should be more actively attempted for the hemodialytic patients with depression.

Anorectal and gastric peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified in a non-AIDS patient

Anorectum is a rare location for malignant lymphoma. Involvement of is rare even for the lymphoma associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and AIDS has a relatively increased frequency of anorectal lymphoma. Most lymphomas in AIDS patients are of a B-cell origin, and T-cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract is extremely rare. We report here on a case of anorectal and gastric peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCLu) in a non-AIDS patient. A previously healthy 29-year-old man presented with hematochezia and tenesmus that he had suffered with for the previous 2 months. Sigmoidoscopy showed anal and rectal submucosal tumor. Multiple round-shaped, flat and elevated lesions were noted on the gastric antrum and body as well. He underwent excisional biopsy for the anal mass and the diagnosis was PTCLu. Biopsies of the gastric lesions gave the same diagnosis. There was no lymphoma involved in the bone marrow. At admission, no antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus were detected. He underwent systemic chemotherapy and upfront autologous stem cell transplantation.

A Case of Pancreatic Cancer Presenting as Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic, inflammatory myopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness and cutaneous lesions. The association of malignancy with dermatomyositis is well established, especially with lung, breast, ovary, stomach, and colorectal cancers. The incidence of cancer appears to be increased especially in elderly person, and the prognosis is very poor. Malignancy may occur before the onset of dermatomyositis, concurrently, or afterward. Therefore extensive screening tests for an occult malignancy should be conducted in patient with dermatomyositis. We report a 76-year-old man presented with dermatomyositis and a search for possible occult malignancy found an otherwise asymptomatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with massive lymph node metastasis.

A Case Report of Disseminated Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of MALT Manifested by Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / 결핵및호흡기질환

Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is usually indolent. Although it was reported recently that about 20-30% cases of MALT lymphoma presented with a disseminated disease at diagnosis, it was described as a disease localized at diagnosis and remaining stable for a prolonged period. However, only a few cases of MALT lymphoma involved the lung and gastrointestinal tract all at once. We report a case of a 73-year-old man with disseminated MALT lymphoma. He presented with non-productive cough, initial chest radiograph showed a nodule in the right lower lobe. The diagnosis of stage IV MALT lymphoma was made by CT scan, video-assisted thoracoscopic excisional biopy, gastrofiberscopic biopsy and bone marrow biopsy. The lymphoma involved the lung, stomach and bone marrow at the time of diagnosis. Because he refused chemotherapy, he discharged after Helicobacter pylori eradication without chemotherapy. Regular follow-up examination did not show any evidence of disease progression over 22 months.

Effects of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors on Vascular Reactivity and Alterations of Cyclooxygenase Expression / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding whether COX-2 specific inhibitors are associated with elevation of blood pressure. We compared the effects of aspirin, indomethacin, and celecoxib for vascular reactivity induced by phenylephrine. We also tested the effects of indomethacin and NO donor on COX-1 and COX-2 protein expression, as well as nitrite production in culture medium of vascular smooth muscle cells. MATERILAS AND METHODS: In this experiment, we used the isometric tension study for vascular reactivity. After 45 minutes of pretreatment with aspirin, indomethacin, celecoxib, and phenylephrine induced contractions were tested. COX-1 and COX-2 protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot and nitrite production by the Griess reaction. RESULTS: Although celecoxib pretreatment caused enhanced arterial contraction, aspirin pretreatment induced more potent arterial contraction than celecoxib in the isometric tension study of rabbit femoral artery. COX-1 protein expression was unchanged by indomethacin, SNP and NOR-3; COX-2 protein expression was increased by the addition of indomethacin, SNP, and NOR-3. Especially, NOR-3, a NO donor, significantly increased COX-2 protein expression with unstimulated conditions as well as LPS stimulation. Induction of nitrite production was higher with NOR-3 treatment than SNP treatment with LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that aspirin caused more potent vascular contraction than celecoxib and indomethacin. COX-2 expression in VSMC depended on the types of NO donor and LPS stimulation.

Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa Presented with Digital Gangrene: A Case Report

Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN) is an uncommon form of vasculitis involving small and medium sized arteries of unknown etiology. The disease can be differentiated from polyarteritis nodosa by its limitation to the skin and lack of progression to visceral involvement. The characteristic manifestations are subcutaneous nodule, livedo reticularis, and ulceration, mostly localized on the lower extremity. Arthralgia, myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, and constitutional symptoms such as fever and malaise may also be present. We describe a 34-yr-old woman presented with severe ischemic change of the fingertip and subcutaneous nodules without systemic manifestations as an unusual initial manifestation of CPAN. Therapy with corticosteroid and alprostadil induce a moderate improvement of skin lesions. However, necrosis of the finger got worse and the finger was amputated.