Consensus for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of feline mammary tumors / Consenso para o diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento de tumores mamários em felinos

Mammary neoplasms are described as the third most common type of feline tumor, after haematopoietic and skin tumors, and present a challenge for clinicians because the prognosis for feline mammary tumors ranges from guarded to poor. Thus, it is necessary to define new therapeutic approaches and establish more in-depth knowledge about this disease in felines. The main aspects of the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of feline mammary neoplasia were discussed, aiming to standardize the criteria and to serve as a guide for pathologists and veterinary clinicians.

As neoplasias mamárias são descritas como o terceiro tipo mais frequente de tumor em felinos (após as neoplasias hematopoiéticas e cutâneas) e apresentam um desafio para os clínicos devido ao prognóstico, que varia de reservado a ruim. Assim, é necessário conhecer melhor essa doença em felinos e definir novas abordagens terapêuticas. Discutiu-se os principais aspectos de diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento da neoplasia mamária felina, com o objetivo de padronizar os critérios e servir de guia para patologistas e clínicos veterinários.

Papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in a dog: approach histomorphologic, immunophenotypic, and therapeutic / Adenocarcinoma papilar de seio nasal em cão: Abordagem histomorfológica, imunofenotípica e terapêutica

Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy.Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34E12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3

Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy.Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34E12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3

Total resection of the lower urinary tract without the need of pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of urethral neoplasia in a dog / Total resection of the lower urinary tract without the need of pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of urethral neoplasia in a dog

Background: Urethral neoplasias are rare in small animals and normally have slow growth, but tissue invasion and urethral obstruction are frequent. Prognosis usually is poor due to the high degree of malignity of the main neoplasias involved. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, but it should be complete with wide safety margins, making partial or complete removal of the bladder with transplantation of the ureters necessary. This report aims at describing a surgical technique, used in a bitch with urethral tumor, which involved complete resection of vulva, vagina and bladder, followed by ureterocolic anastomosis without pelvic osteotomy.Case: A 10-year-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented with partial ischuria and haematuria for approximately 30 days, with fi nal development of complete ischuria, vomit and anorexia. Urethral swab was performed, and the material obtained was fi xed for cytological examination, which revealed the presence of malignant epithelial neoplasias, giving the case a direction. Staging was achieved through thoracic radiographs in two recumbent views, and metastatic lesions were not found. A radical surgery was proposed to the owner for the treatment of the patiente. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the lower urinary tract, vagina and vulva, followed by reimplantation of the ureters in the colon

Background: Urethral neoplasias are rare in small animals and normally have slow growth, but tissue invasion and urethral obstruction are frequent. Prognosis usually is poor due to the high degree of malignity of the main neoplasias involved. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, but it should be complete with wide safety margins, making partial or complete removal of the bladder with transplantation of the ureters necessary. This report aims at describing a surgical technique, used in a bitch with urethral tumor, which involved complete resection of vulva, vagina and bladder, followed by ureterocolic anastomosis without pelvic osteotomy.Case: A 10-year-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented with partial ischuria and haematuria for approximately 30 days, with fi nal development of complete ischuria, vomit and anorexia. Urethral swab was performed, and the material obtained was fi xed for cytological examination, which revealed the presence of malignant epithelial neoplasias, giving the case a direction. Staging was achieved through thoracic radiographs in two recumbent views, and metastatic lesions were not found. A radical surgery was proposed to the owner for the treatment of the patiente. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the lower urinary tract, vagina and vulva, followed by reimplantation of the ureters in the colon

Total resection of the lower urinary tract without the need of pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of urethral neoplasia in a dog / Total resection of the lower urinary tract without the need of pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of urethral neoplasia in a dog

Background: Urethral neoplasias are rare in small animals and normally have slow growth, but tissue invasion and urethral obstruction are frequent. Prognosis usually is poor due to the high degree of malignity of the main neoplasias involved. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, but it should be complete with wide safety margins, making partial or complete removal of the bladder with transplantation of the ureters necessary. This report aims at describing a surgical technique, used in a bitch with urethral tumor, which involved complete resection of vulva, vagina and bladder, followed by ureterocolic anastomosis without pelvic osteotomy.Case: A 10-year-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented with partial ischuria and haematuria for approximately 30 days, with fi nal development of complete ischuria, vomit and anorexia. Urethral swab was performed, and the material obtained was fi xed for cytological examination, which revealed the presence of malignant epithelial neoplasias, giving the case a direction. Staging was achieved through thoracic radiographs in two recumbent views, and metastatic lesions were not found. A radical surgery was proposed to the owner for the treatment of the patiente. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the lower urinary tract, vagina and vulva, followed by reimplantation of the ureters in the colon

Background: Urethral neoplasias are rare in small animals and normally have slow growth, but tissue invasion and urethral obstruction are frequent. Prognosis usually is poor due to the high degree of malignity of the main neoplasias involved. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, but it should be complete with wide safety margins, making partial or complete removal of the bladder with transplantation of the ureters necessary. This report aims at describing a surgical technique, used in a bitch with urethral tumor, which involved complete resection of vulva, vagina and bladder, followed by ureterocolic anastomosis without pelvic osteotomy.Case: A 10-year-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented with partial ischuria and haematuria for approximately 30 days, with fi nal development of complete ischuria, vomit and anorexia. Urethral swab was performed, and the material obtained was fi xed for cytological examination, which revealed the presence of malignant epithelial neoplasias, giving the case a direction. Staging was achieved through thoracic radiographs in two recumbent views, and metastatic lesions were not found. A radical surgery was proposed to the owner for the treatment of the patiente. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the lower urinary tract, vagina and vulva, followed by reimplantation of the ureters in the colon

Papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in a dog: approach histomorphologic, immunophenotypic, and therapeutic / Adenocarcinoma papilar de seio nasal em cão: Abordagem histomorfológica, imunofenotípica e terapêutica

Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy.Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34E12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3

Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy.Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34E12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3

Fatores prognósticos e preditivos dos tumores caninos definidos com auxílio da imuno-histoquímica

Immunohistochemistry can be applied in veterinary oncology to define the immunophenotype of neoplastic cells with unlimited possibilities of application. The technique is based on the identification of antigens "in situ", which may have prognostic and therapeutic value. Expression of estrogen and progesterone is directly related to better prognosis for breast cancer, while over-expression of receptor KIT (CD117) proteins Ki-67 (MIB-1), COX-2, VEGF and CD31 can be associated with tumor progression for several histological types. This association has a potential predictive value, due to the possibility of using specific blockers. This revision aims at presenting the possibilities of immunohistochemical's application in tumors of dogs, searching for a more precise definition of the prognosis and indication of specific treatments for each patient.

A imuno-histoquímica pode ser aplicada na oncologia veterinária para a definição do imunofenótipo neoplásico, com possibilidades ilimitadas de utilização. A técnica baseia-se na identificação de antígenos "in situ", que podem apresentar valor prognóstico e terapêutico. A expressão de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona está diretamente relacionada ao melhor prognóstico para os neoplasmas mamários, enquanto a super-expressão do receptor KIT (CD117), proteínas Ki-67 (MIB-1), VEGF, CD31 e COX-2 podem ser associados à progressão tumoral para vários tipos histológicos. Essa associação possui valor preditivo em potencial, tendo em vista a possibilidade da utilização de bloqueadores específicos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades da utilização da imuno-histoquímica nos tumores de cães, visando à definição mais precisa do prognóstico e a indicação de tratamentos específicos para cada paciente.

Fatores prognósticos e preditivos dos tumores caninos definidos com auxílio da imuno-histoquímica

Immunohistochemistry can be applied in veterinary oncology to define the immunophenotype of neoplastic cells with unlimited possibilities of application. The technique is based on the identification of antigens "in situ", which may have prognostic and therapeutic value. Expression of estrogen and progesterone is directly related to better prognosis for breast cancer, while over-expression of receptor KIT (CD117) proteins Ki-67 (MIB-1), COX-2, VEGF and CD31 can be associated with tumor progression for several histological types. This association has a potential predictive value, due to the possibility of using specific blockers. This revision aims at presenting the possibilities of immunohistochemical's application in tumors of dogs, searching for a more precise definition of the prognosis and indication of specific treatments for each patient.

A imuno-histoquímica pode ser aplicada na oncologia veterinária para a definição do imunofenótipo neoplásico, com possibilidades ilimitadas de utilização. A técnica baseia-se na identificação de antígenos "in situ", que podem apresentar valor prognóstico e terapêutico. A expressão de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona está diretamente relacionada ao melhor prognóstico para os neoplasmas mamários, enquanto a super-expressão do receptor KIT (CD117), proteínas Ki-67 (MIB-1), VEGF, CD31 e COX-2 podem ser associados à progressão tumoral para vários tipos histológicos. Essa associação possui valor preditivo em potencial, tendo em vista a possibilidade da utilização de bloqueadores específicos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades da utilização da imuno-histoquímica nos tumores de cães, visando à definição mais precisa do prognóstico e a indicação de tratamentos específicos para cada paciente.