A study on the Effect of Captopril on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Captopril on Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats in the Department of Pharmacology, Mymensingh Medical College and Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh. Gentamicin antibiotic is most commonly employed clinically because of their potent bactericidal activities against Gram negative bacterial infections, less bacterial resistance, post-antibiotic effects and low cost. Gentamicin is associated with an induction of slow rises in serum creatinine, inflammation and perivascular edema, tubular degeneration and necrosis, tubular debris collection, glomerular atrophy which ultimately show the way to renal dysfunction. In spite of continued attractive efforts during the last decade, antioxidants like medicinal plants and different classes of drugs which were promised to reduce or ameliorate Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity is yet a matter of debate. This study was aimed at inducing nephrotoxicity by injection Gentamicin and estimating the renal damage biochemically by measuring serum creatinine and perform histopathology of renal cortex in support of biochemical findings both in control groups, nephrotoxic and Captopril treated rats; also to determine the comparison between the concomitant and post effects of Captopril on control and nephrotoxic rats and to estimate the effect of Gentamicin withdrawal, 7 days after last injection in rats.

[The frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic anomalies in employees of Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises].

The results of the study of frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic anomalies in 657 healthy employees of the main facilities of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises exposed to external, internal and combined irradiation are presented. No dependence between age and chromosome aberrations frequency was revealed. Chronic external exposure appeared to be the main factor of induction of chromosome aberrations. The frequency of aberrant cells, chromosome type aberrations, paired fragments and rings was statistically significantly higher in employees exposed to external irradiation as compared to persons exposed to combined irradiation. A nonlinear dependence the dose of irradiation and frequency of chromosome aberrations was revealed. A statistically significant decrease of prevalence of aberrant cells, aberration of chromatid and chromosome type was established in employees exposed to irradiation at a dose range of > 0-10 mSv compared to the control group. This agrees with the phenomenon of radiation hormesis. A significant increase of the frequency of chromosome aberrations was not observed at doses below > 40 mSv. In employees exposed to irradiation at a dose range > 40-100 mSv, a statistically significant increase of frequencies of aberrant metaphases, aberrations of chromatid and chromosome types was established. Same was found for dicentrics at dose range of >100-200 mSv. This supports a well known linear threshold model. Dose-effect curve has a plateau at doses ranged from 100 to 500 mSv.

[The estimate of association between gene polymorphisms and the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities in the cohort of Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises employees exposed to professional irradiation (microarray studies)].

The results from the research into the association between polymorphisms of genes-candidates for individual radiosensitivity and the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities are analyzed. The study was conducted among Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises healthy employees exposed to professional irradiation in a dose range of 100-300 mSv. Genotyping of DNA samples from 96 employees was carried out by oligonucleotide microarray: "Cancer_SNP_Panel GT-17-211" ("Illumina") containing 1, 421 SNP-markers (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) of 406 genes. The standard cytogenetic analysis was performed in the entire examined group. We have also analyzed the association of these SNP with the frequencies of aberrant cells and following chromosomal aberrations: single chromatid fragments, chromatid exchanges, paired fragments, dicentric, ring and frequencies, translocations. We have found that 40 SNP (rs1800389, rs1051690, rs2392221, rs1041163, rs2114443, rs6083, rs1760904, rs4986894, rs488133, rs7462102, rs11249938, rs34206126, rs33945943, rs34324628, rs5742694, rs978458, rs5742667, rs2373721, rs2162679, rs889162, rs2233679, rs2010457, rs2873950, rs1574154, rs10934500, rs4688046, rs10934503, rs4624596, rs2288729, rs4227, rs1367696, rs751087, rs1269486, rs1149901, rs1800404, rs887477, rs696405, rs751087, rs81 92284, rs312016) are associated with the frequency of different types of chromosomal abnormalities (p-value with FDR of Benjamini-Hochberg--equal less than 0.05). 24 SNP (underlined) are associated with more than one type of chromosome abnormalities. In the future, we are going to confirm the results in further studies on the cohort of more than 600 persons.

[Pecularities of atherosclerosis developed after chlamidial infection and behaviour of some hematological and biochemical parameters].

The aim of our studies was to create diagnostically informative criteria of hematologic and biochemical analyses and their combinations as well as to establish relation between Chlamidia Pneumoniae A and atherosclerosis. This is to be done for the purpose of establishing the entire pathogenesis carotid and coronary atherosclerosis and inflammation. The investigation of Chlamidia Pneumoniae infection in proved to be a possible risk factor for the carotid atherosclerosis developed in adults that makes the course of atherosclerosis heavier. As a result of the atherosclerotic process, changes in the blood laboratory parameters were expressed more cases of pneumonia in the children.

[Correlation of some biochemical and coagulological parameters in carotid atherosclerosis].

It has been established positive correlation of the degree of stenosis and intima-media thickness of carotid arteries with the following biochemical parameters: total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Apo-B, Lp(a), triglycerides, hs-C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukines (IL-1beta and IL-6), fibrinogen, D-dimers. Negative correlation was stated with respect to HDL cholesterol, Apo-A-1, protein C. Relation between the parameters of the blood lipid spectre, proteins and mediators of inflammation as well as those of hemostasis enables us to approach pathophysiological mechanisms of carotid atherosclerosis, define the processes of inflammation and atherosclerosis.

[The effect of chemotherapy treatment on hemostasis of patients with lung cancer].

Chemotherapy is known to raise the risk of developing thrombotic complications. The aim of our work is to study the system of hemostasis in patients with the lung cancer under chemotherapy treatment. 61 patients were examined (40 men, 21 women) between the ages of 32 and 75 years (the principal group). Chemotherapy was prescribed to 52 patients with the lung cancer considered as non-operable ones, and to 9 patients who refused surgical treatment. Chemotherapy applied to the patients was done by the conventional scheme. The treatment has been conducted from 16 to 20 days.Thrombocytic-vascular hemostasis, plasmatic hemostasis, physiological anticoagulant activity, the blood fibrinolytic activity, markers of intravascular coagulation of the blood and those of fibrinolysis, were studied. The depletion of compensatory mechanisms at all segments of hemostasis in non-operable patients was revealed. The type of reaction points at an oppressive effect of chemodrugs on the hemostasis system and the increase of the risk of development thrombotic complications in those patients.

[Regional medico-dosimetric register (RMDR) is a model for evaluation of long-term "low" dose ionizing radiation effects on Siberian group of chemical enterprises main production personnel].

Medico-dosimetric register is an optimal model of epidemiological studies on evaluation of ionizing radiation effects. Regional medico-dosimetric register (RMDR) is a system of interrelating information blocks including data on Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) personnel. At present SGCE personnel and Seversk residents RMDR database includes information on 138496 persons, 65538 of which are SGCE workers. SGCE personnel and Seversk residents RMDR is a scientific base for researches with the aim of evaluating long-term ionizing radiation effects in a "low" dose range. Information on mortality and morbidity rate as well as "thematic" registers of the main diseases potentiates in evaluating the spectrum of somatic stochastic effects and radiogenic risks in SGCE workers and Seversk residents as well as their offsprings. A practical significance of RMDR database is the formation of the main diseases "risk" groups depending on definite risk factors in certain groups that provides targeted diagnostic and preventive therapy both among high-dose establishments' workers and residents living near-by.

[Study of intravascular coagulation activation markers in patients with visceral leishmaniasis].

During last decades significant attention has been paid to the increase of protozoal infections including leishmaniasis. The management of this disease is rather problematic. Significant increase of cases of this disease was observed in Georgia as well. The problem of visceral leishmaniasis is very important nowadays. According to references and our clinical experience patients with visceral leishmaniasis are predisposed to bleeding. The objective of our study was the assessment of functional status of hemostasis in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. We have studied the intravascular activation markers of blood coagulation -- the soluble fibrin-monomeric complexes (SFMC) and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (D-dimer) in order to reveal the disorders of hemocoagulation. SFMC and D-dimer we studied in 45 patients with visceral leishmaniasis before and after treatment (with 20-25 day intervals). One patient with severe generalized bleeding died within 72 hours of admission. SFMC measurements were conducted by the orthophenantroline test (Renam, Russia). D-dimer level was measured using FDP-Slidex Direct kit (Bio-Meriou, France). Especially high levels of SFMC and D-dimer have been revealed in cases of severe form of visceral leishmaniasis. SFMC level was increased by 80% (p=0,003), and D-dimer level by 95,6% (p=0,023). There was correlation between numbers of platelets and intravascular blood coagulation markers. Investigation of SFMC and D-dimer showed that in case of visceral leishmaniasis activation of intravascular coagulation takes place, particularly during the severe forms of the disease. Study of these markers is of the diagnostic and prognostic importance and for the initiation of treatment at an early stage of infection, which may potentially avoid the possibility of developing an uncompensated DIC.

[Unusually high level of chromosome variability in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes]. / Neobychaino vysokii uroven' khromosomnoi izmenchivosti v kul'ture limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka.

A cytogenetic examination carried out in the inhabitants of Seversk (Tomsk oblast) and workers of the Siberian chemical industrial complex (a complex of nuclear-chemical and fuel plants), living in the same town, revealed unusually high level of spontaneous chromosomal variability both in control and industrial groups (total irradiation doses 1.8 to 3.7 and 9.3 to 15.7 Gy, respectively). The frequencies of cells with chromosomal aberrations (estimated per 100 cells) in control and industrial groups were 4.69, 6.04, and 6.64, respectively, and the total number of aberrations constituted 6.93, 8.47 and 12.06, respectively. These frequencies were several times higher compared to the summarized literature data on the control levels. The high average aberration level was caused by the elevated proportion of chromatid-type aberrations and paired fragments. The reasons for this are unclear. The levels of radioactive background and chemical air pollution in the town were not increased.