[Method of early activation of patients after heart surgery]. / Metod rarnei aktivizatsii bol'nykh, operi rovannykh na serdtse.

Methods employed in an early activation of patients operated on a "closed" heart and under extracorporeal circulation are described. The authors began activating theri patients 2--3 hours after surgery and 16--20 hours therafter inst tuted a physical effort test (walking) over a distance of 50--100 m for 2.5--5 minutes). It was shown that the re-establisment of the hemodynamics indices, factors of external respiration and internal environment in patients managed post-operatively in accordance with the routine methods took much longer time than with the active method of managing the early post-operative period. The abolishment of a protracted hypodynamia regimen against the background of a quick normalizatiion of homesotasis is conducive to an earlier adaptation of patients to new conditions reduces the incidence of post-operative complications and curtails the patients' staty in hospital.

[Fast diagnosis of hemodynamic disorders in patients with heart disease]. / Ekspress-diagnostika narushenii gemodinamiki u bol'nykh s zabolevaniiami serdtsa

The informativeness of arterial pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac contractions rate in the diagnosis of blood volume disorders combined with cardiac failure was studied in cardiac patients. The examination was carried out in 150 patients 80 of whom had been operated on the heart, mainly under extracorporeal circulation. The most informative parameter appeared to be the central venous pressure. An express-index is introduced that permits to differentiate between the following states: "isolated" hypovolemia, hypovolemia combined with cardiac failure combined with normovolemia, cardiac failure combined with hypervolemia.

[Changes of certain immunological indicators in patients in the early periods after operations performed under condition of artificial circulation]. / Izmenenie nekotorykh immunologicheskikh pokazatelei u bol'nykh v rannie sroki posly operatsii, vypolnenykh v usloviiakh iskusstvennogo krovoobrashcheniia

In 43 patients with acquired and congenital cardiac defects and in 4 others with ischemic heart disease some indices of immunological reactivity were studied before and after operations performed under extracorporeal circulation. In patients with cardiac defects and ischemic heart disease, in whom circulatory disorders were being observed for a long time and the cellular and humoral factors of the immunological reactivity of the organism were at a low level, a reduced capability of the segmentonuclear neutrophils in the peripheral blood to undergo phagocytos is along with the bactericidal properties of the serum and skin were demonstrable. With the post-operative period not complicated by an infection the normalization of these indices occur in a week's time. A moderately increased phagocytosis or, conversely, the lack of any tendency towards normalization during the 1st post-operative week is an unfavourable sign and, as a rule, is indicative of a developing infection-induced complication.