[Analysis of independent components for event-related potentials from patients with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive and depressive disorders].

We investigated the possibility to classify data from patients with different psychiatric disorders on the base of physiological measures of the brain activity. Event-related potentials during the execution of GO/NOGO task were recorded from age matched groups of patients with schizophrenia, major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Separation of independent components for event-related potentials was performed by applying Independent Component Analysis method. Picked out components were used in the method of discriminant analysis to classify the data according to clinical diagnosis. Discriminant analysis of components for event-related potentials allows classifying the data of patients with a suitable amount of matches with an established diagnosis.

[Local EEG characteristics of the children with psychic abnormalities, examined by independent components analysis (ICA)].

The method of independent components within the range of 3-13 Hz was used for the analysis of EEG of the children with psychic abnormalities of perinatal origin. The research was undertaken while children were keeping awake with open eyes. In cases of harder developmental delay it was revealed a significant rise of θ-range power spectrum in frontal-temporal cortex areas of left hemisphere and temporal areas of right hemisphere. This fact make it possible to regard these areas as hypothetic sources of slow activity and a damage/immaturity marker of frontal-thalamic area and the temporal areas, responsible for auditory analysis and verbal synthesis, audio & visual data integration.

[Developmental features of the brain bioelectrical activity in children with remote consequences of a perinatal lesion of the CNS. II. EEG typology in normal and mental disorders].

This research represents EEG - investigation by children with remote consequences of perinatal CNS pathology. Its described the different EEG types in normal and mental disorders in children. Its showed a early EEG - markers of abnormal ontogenesis in longitudinal study. The data obtained gives to prevent a negative dynamic of mental and speech development (learning disability, motor alalia, autism).

Eye movements in the cat evoked by electrical stimulation of the outer geniculate body.

New data were obtained in experiments with unanesthetized animals showing that electrical stimulation of the structures of the outer geniculate body of the cat elicits goal-directed eye movements. Relationships were found between eye-movement amplitude and direction and the position of the eye at the instant of stimulation, as well as the position of the stimulating electrodes in the outer geniculate body. A scheme is proposed for the multilevel interaction of the visual and oculomotor systems during their functioning, and a possible relation is discussed between the described phenomenon and the mechanisms responsible for the foveation of objects during their recognition.

Sensitivity of "silent" and background-active neurons of the cat cortex to anoxia.

Using a complex methodological approach based on intravitam microscopy of a specimen of the motor region of the cat cortex, we studied the relations between the variation in the bioelectric activity of the pyramidal neurons and the state of their redox systems for short-term anoxia. A general pattern of reaction of "silent" and background-active neurons is disclosed, whereby activation according to the "seizure discharges" type occurs for a certain, quite strongly expressed destruction of the state of the intracellular redox systems. With the development of the incipient stage of variation of the impulse activity in the background-active neurons no marked increase was found in the degree of restoration of their redox systems.

[Sensitivity of "silent" and spontaneously active neurons of the cat cerebral cortex to anoxia]. / Chuvstvitel'nost "molchashchikh" i fonovoaktivnykh neironov kory mozga koshki k anoksii.

Using the complex methodical approach on the basis of in vivo microscopy of the cat motor cortex preparation the common principle of reaction of both the "silent" and the spontaneously active pyramidal neurons was revealed: their "seizure discharges" activation in hypoxia only occurred in a certain rather obvious disturbance of the intracellular redox-systems condition. At the initial stages of the firing changes in the spontaneously active neurons, no noticeable increase in their redox-systems restoration was observed.

Bilateral influences from the motor cortex on lumbar ventral horn interneurons.

Microelectrode recordings were made of discharges of ventral horn interneurons (VHIN) in segments L6-7 of the spinal cord during bilateral stimulation of the motor cortex in cats. The overwhelming majority of VHIN was shown to be activated by influences from the contralateral cortex, and about half of them also by ipsilateral influences. Clear correlation was established between convergence of afferent and cortical influences: Neurons with inputs from ipsilateral afferents only were activated, irrespective of their other characteristics, by descending influences from the contralateral cortex only, whereas bilateral cortical influences converged on cells with bilateral afferent connections. It is suggested that VHIN with bilateral segmental and supraspinal connections are important integrative elements in the mechanism of bilateral coordination of motor responses of different degrees of complexity.

[Bilateral motor cortex effects on interneurons of the ventral horn of the lumbar segments]. / Bilateral'nye vliianiia s motornoi kory na promezhutochnye neirony ventral'nogo roga poiasnichnykh segmentov.

The ventral horn interneurons in the spinal cord L6-7 segments were recorded in anesthetized cats during stimulation of the pericruciate cortex of both cerebral hemispheres. The majority of ventral interneurons are activated by volleys from the contralateral motor cortex and nearly half of them--by volleys from the ipsilateral cortex as well. Two kinds of firing patterns occurred: separate spikes and bursts of spikes. The latency of the 1st type firing was significantly greater than that of the 2nd one. There was a close relation of convergence of the afferent and corticospinal volleys on ventral horn interneurons: neurons activated by ipsilateral afferents only received synaptic influence only from the contralateral motor cortex whereas neurons with ipsilateral as well as contralateral inputs were activated by corticospinal volleys from both hemispheres. The interneurons with bilateral segmental and supraspinal connections seem to be involved in integrative action as important elements of the neuronal mechanism of bilateral motor coordination.

[Role of parameters of rhythmic cortical stimulation in synaptic activation of motor neurons]. / Rol' parametrov ritmicheskogo razdrazheniia kory v sinapticheskoi aktivatsii motoneironov.

Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked by stimulation of contralateral motor cortex with trains of square stimuli were recorded intracellularly in cat lumbar motoneurons. The influence of number of stimuli in a train and of interval between them upon amplitude, duration and latency of PSPs, was analysed. Rise of stimuli frequency in a train of constant duration (i.e. rise of number of stimuli accompanied by shortening of intervals) produced a snyaptic effect that was much more pronounced than in cases of shortening of intervals between equal number of stimuli (i.e. reduction of a train) or in cases of increase of number of stimuli with equal intervals (elongation of a train). Possible neuronal mechanisms of the leading role of train frequency in supraspinal activation of motoneurons are discussed.