[Cytochemical study of alkaline phosphatase activity as a cancer cell marker in exudates from serous-membrane lined cavities]. / Tsitokhimicheskoe issledovanie aktivnosti shchelochnoi fosfatazy kak marker rakovykh kletok v ékssudatakh iz polostei, vystlannykh seroznoi obolochkoi.

Cytochemical demonstration of levamisole-sensitive alkaline phosphatase (AP) have been used for the identification of tumor cells in serous effusions. AP-activity is not demonstrable in mesothelial cells and histiocytes-macrophages in serous effusions in 18 noncancer patients. Enzyme activity is detected in cancer cells in serous effusions in 19 from 52 cancer patients. Oncoassociated antigens are detected on the membranes of AP-positive cancer cells more rare that AP-negative cancer cells.

[Cancerous and mesothelial cells in pleural exudates studied by enzymatic chemical methods and monoclonal antibodies]. / Issledovanie rakovykh i mezotelial'nykh kletok v plevral'nykh ékssudatakh s pomoshch'iu énzimokhimicheskikh metodov i monoklonal'nykh antitel.

Pleural cavity exudates obtained from 26 patients with cancer of the lung, ovary, stomach and breast and 13 cases of nononcological pathologies were studied using enzymatic cytochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies. A complex of tissue markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, 90 kdalton glycoproteid, activity of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, and PAS-positive bodies) was identified. It allows to differentiate between malignant and mesothelial cells in smears prepared from exudates.

[Monoclonal antibodies IPO-4 recognizing antigen-activated human T and B lymphocytes]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela IPO-4, raspoznaiushchie antigen-aktirovannye T- i B-limfotsity cheloveka.

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice previously immunized with B-lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI-1788 were fused with P3-X-63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells. Monoclonal antibodies (Ab) IPO-4 were screened on 18 cell lines by the indirect immuno-fluorescence method. Cryostat sections of tissues were stained according to the PAP technique. The Mab IPO-4 were tested for reactivity with blood cells of 17 healthy persons and 102 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease and mitogen stimulated lymphocytes. MAb IPO-4 were found to be directed against antigen expressed on activated T and B cells.

[Immunophenotypic characteristics of lymphocytes in pleural cavity exudates]. / Immunofenotipicheskie osobennosti limfotsitov v ékssudatakh plevral'noi polosti.

Data are reported of a study of the immunophenotypic aspects of lymphocytes in exudates from the pleural cavity realized by means of an immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies produced in the USSR. The importance is shown of the investigation for the differential diagnosis of lymphoid reactions and B-lymphoproliferative diseases.

[The surface phenotype and enzymatic cytochemical markers of B cells during pokeweed mitogen activation]. / Poverkhnostnyi fenotip i énzimotsitokhimicheskie markery B-kletok pri aktivatsii mitogenom lakonosa.

Methods of monoclonal antibodies, cytochemistry and rosette formation have been used to study antigens, receptors and enzymatic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes during pokeweed mitogen-stimulation. After 18-20 hours in mitogen-stimulated cultures there is a decrease in number of T-lymphocytes that express CD7, CD5, CD4, CD8 antigens and of E-receptors and cells with the local activities of acid phosphatase and acid non-specific esterase. The number of lymphocytes with E37-, FcM- and M-receptors and of cells with granular PAS-reaction increased. Blast cells were revealed after 40-48 hours. Approximately 50% blast cells forming E37-rosettes and expressing CD7, CD5, CD2 antigens were characterized by the local activities of the above enzymes. The blasts did not express FcG-, FcM-, C3- or M-receptors. Cells like those at the Hodgkin disease and the "hand mirror" type cells were established on days 3-4. The number of lymphocytes with plasmatization was seen to increase by day 7.

[Immunohistocytochemical determination of surface membrane antigens and cytoskeletal proteins in pleural exudates]. / Immunogistokhimicheskoe opredelenie antigenov poverkhnostnykh membran i belkov tsitoskeleta kletok v plevral'nykh ékssudatakh.

A method for the determination of surface proteins and cellular elements cytoskeleton proteins in exudates from the pleural cavity is described. Use of this method has helped identify carcinoma cells in exudates of 19 patients out of the 21 examinees with oncologic diseases and permitted a characterization of the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes. This method may be employed as an additional test for the detection of carcinoma cells in exudates from serous cavities.

[IPO-10 monoclonal antibodies to the human B-lymphocyte differentiation antigen]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela IPO-10 k differentsirovochnomu antigenu B-limfotsitov cheloveka.

Monoclonal antibodies IPO-10 were generated following immunization of a BALB/c mice with human cell line Daudi. Reactivity of this mABs was studied by indirect immunofluorescence technique with 10 human cell lines, blood cells of healthy persons and of patients with the malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. Studies on normal and neoplastic B cell suggest that mABs IPO-10 recognizing antigen is B lineage restricted. The antigen defined by the mAb IPO-10 appear to include most but not all stages of B cell differentiation.

[Surface phenotype and suppressor function of the blood lymphocytes in multiple myeloma]. / Poverkhnostnyi fenotip i supressornaia funktsiia limfotsitov krovi pri mielomnoi bolezni.

Surface phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in 18 patients with myeloma by combined rosette-forming and immunofluorescent methods. A high content of B lymphocytes with the identical type of immunoglobulin, and a decreased level of T lymphocytes were revealed. The increased activity of spontaneous and Con A-induced suppressor activity and cytochemical changes of some intracellular hydrolytic enzymes were found in lymphocytes of patients with myeloma.

[Cellular immunity indices in rectal cancer under surgical and combined treatment]. / Pokazateli kletochnogo immuniteta u bol'nykh rakom priamoi kishki pri khirurgicheskom i kombinirovannom lechenii.

The dynamics of cell-mediated immunity indices in 83 patients with rectal tumors who underwent surgery or received combined treatment (preoperative radiation + surgery) was followed. Cellular immunity was assessed on the basis of PHA-induced blastogenic reaction of lymphocytes (BRL) and spontaneous rosette-formation. In rectal tumor patients, particularly at stage IV, the level of PHA-induced BRL and the total number of rosette-forming cells (RFC) were lower than in healthy donors. Surgery did not produce any significant changes in cell-mediated immunity parameters: level of PHA-induced BRL decreased by 16,7%, while total RFC number increased by 17.2% in (mostly low-affinity forms). Preoperative radiation resulted in a significant decrease in lymphocyte ability to undergo PHA-induced blast-transformation (45%) and spontaneous rosette formation, high-affinity lymphocytes being most sensitive to ionizing radiation. Their fraction decreased by half.

[Functional activity of the lymphocytes of mouse lymph nodes in a system of viral carcinogenesis]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' limfotsitov limfaticheskikh uzlov myshei v sisteme virusnogo kantserogeneza.

A study was made of the PHA-induced lymphocyte blastransformation (BT), and lymphocyte antitumor activity, using a model of progressive and regressive neoplastic process induced by the Moloney virus in mice BALB/c. The antitumor acitvity of lymphocytes was estimated by their ability to inhibit spheroid production by tumor cells. A lymphocyte BT and their antitumor activity was registered during a progressive growth of the tumor and its restoration as the tumor is regressing.

[Effect of the removal of an induced tumor on the immunological reactivity of mice]. / Vliianie udaleniia indutsirovannoi opukholi na immunologicheskuiu reaktivnost' myshei.

An extensive surgical intervention in removing a tumor-bearing limb induce in mice an enhancement of immunosuppression state, developed in the process of carcinogenesis. Rehabilitation of the immunocompetence in such mice proceeds in a more active way than in the control animals, subjected to the analogous amputation of the extremity.