Mathematical modelling the systemic regulation of blood glucose: 'a top-down' systems biology approach.

The objective of this article is to review the mechanisms which the body uses to regulate its function. The author considers, in particular, the nature and structure of the physiological systems with a specific focus upon the systemic regulation of blood glucose and highlights an innovative technology, based upon the top-down cognitive approach, which incorporates a unique mathematical model of the physiological systems and autonomic nervous system. Most systems biology is a development of the prevailing reductionist biomedical paradigm. It adopts a bottom-up approach seeking systemic justification for biochemical and biophysical research findings. By contrast the 'top-down' approach considers the neural regulation of the physiological systems and the neurological, cognitive and biochemical consequences of systemic dysfunction i.e. the consequences of sensory input upon the neural regulation of the body's systems, organs, and its cellular and molecular biochemistry. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that the onset and progression of Diabetes Mellitus cannot be accurately assessed by individual biomedical indices but instead that the regulation of blood glucose is one of a number of inter-related physiological systems which act in a coordinated manner in order to maintain the body's physiological stability.

Obstructive sleep apnea management with interactive computer technology and nutrition: two case reports.

We present two cases of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in which one of the subjects was managed with virtual scanning, which is a computer interactive diagnostic and therapeutic technology, and the other was treated with nutrition. We propose an oxidative stress concept as the biochemical basis of the two management options. It is important to consider the validity of virtual scanning Technology (which can be used to manage sleep apnea noninvasively) and to determine whether oxidative stress is the biochemical basis for this technology. It will be beneficial to develop a framework for integration into clinical practice.