RESUMO
During the 1993 rainy season, 15,806 mosquitoes, including 14,304 Aedes ssp., were collected and tested for virus infection in 702 and 547 pools, respectively. Aedes furcifer (Edwards) was the most abundant species collected throughout the survey period. Yellow fever (YF) virus was detected in 187 pools: Ae. furcifer (123 isolates), Ae. taylori (Edwards) (41 isolates), and Ae. luteocephalus (Newstead) (23 isolates). A high prevalence of immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies was found in human and simian populations. Results clearly indicated that increased sylvatic YF activity in eastern Senegal has the increased the risk of YF transmission among rural populations in West Africa. Our results showed that a minimal survey period may be effective in detecting the circulation of YF in the Kedougou area.
Assuntos
Aedes/virologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Febre Amarela/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Células VeroRESUMO
After the previously reported isolations of dengue 2 virus in eastern Senegal in 1974 and 1981-1982, a retrospective serological study on simian and human populations was carried out in the same area. We investigated 1,095 simian sera collected at regular intervals between 1974 and 1984 from wild caught monkeys and 1,783 human sera from young children less than 11 years old collected during punctual surveys after the rainy season from 1976 to 1985. Sera were tested using HAI test, CF test and for someone's ELISA for specific IgM antibodies. Serological data from monkeys corroborated the virus isolations and demonstrated the existence of two epizootics in 1974-1975 and 1981-1982. No CF antibodies were detected in children sera up to 1981 epizootic when about 11% of tested sera showed a probable infection by dengue 2 virus, no clinical dengue infections were notified by the medical staff. After 1982, serological results showed that the virus maintained in the same area until 1985. The mechanism of the circulation of dengue 2 virus in eastern Senegal is discussed on the basis of these serological results.
Assuntos
Cercopithecidae/microbiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Testes de Fixação de Complemento , Dengue/veterinária , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos , SenegalRESUMO
In military and civilian aviation, pilot age is a major factor which determines if the individual is allowed to continue flying. Many factors, including legal considerations, escalating personnel and training costs, and higher skill levels necessitated by increasing equipment complexity, have generated considerable interest in the development of "age free" criteria to determine continued suitability for aviation duty. Central to this issue is a demonstration that older pilots are not necessarily unsafe pilots. Naval Safety Center data relating mishap rates and causal factors to pilot age are presented and policy implications discussed. Results indicate that there are significant differences in mishap rates and mishap causal factors as a function of age, but these differences are not those which might be expected based on a knowledge of the aging literature.
