Methodological approaches to deciphering the etiological structure of non-nosocomial pneumonia.

Comparative analysis of the efficiency of PCR and microbiological methods for deciphering of the etiological structure of non-nosocomial pneumonias demonstrated the diagnostic significance of detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA in the blood, but not sputum. Mechanisms of penetration of S. pneumoniae into the blood are discussed.

[Variants of Botkin's biliary-cardiac syndrome in acute cholecystitis]. / Varianty biliarno-kardial'nogo sindroma Botkina pri ostrom kholetsistite.

4 cases of little-known syndromes in acute cholecystitis are described. Cholecystic-pericardial and syncopal-cardiac syndrome are seen in 1.33 and 1.78% cases of acute cholecystitis, respectively, and are the variants of Botkin's biliary-cardiac syndrome. These syndromes disappear after surgery on biliary tract, therefore they must be indications for surgical treatment of cholecystitis.

[Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients]. / Znachenie ékhokardiografii v prognoze iskhoda operatsii pri kholetsistite u pozhilykh liudei.

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.