[Our experience with the correction of large protruding ears].

The objective of the present work was to improve the results of correction of large protruding auricles. The results of long-term observations and many-year experience of the authors provided the basis for the development of the method that allows to simultaneously diminish the size of a protruding ear and correct an auricular defect. A detailed description of selected steps of the proposed approach is presented together with relevant illustrations. The follow-up analysis of the outcomes of the treatment gives evidence of its high therapeutic efficiency.

[Peculiarities of correction of the deflected nasal dorsum and the cartilaginous portion of the septum].

The problem of correction of the deflected nasal dorsum and the septal cartilaginous portion is considered. A step-by-step approach to the elimination of these defects is described in detail. The proposed method takes into account the anatomical features of the deformities and allows their relapse rate to be decreased to 8-10% and thereby a better functional and cosmetic result of the treatment to be achieved.

[Some aspects of correction of nasal tip congenital deformities].

The paper reviews both short- and lon-termed results of conventional methods for the correction of nasal tip congenital deformities: Converse for broad tip correction, Armstrong for long tip and Burian for protruding tip. The revealed disadvantages of the abovementioned methods are summarized. Treatment efficiency proved to be higher when classifying nasal tip deformities in monodeformities and combined ones. This allows more precise analyzing of deformity compounds and provides better short- and long-termed results.

[Treatment and prevention of the colloid and hypertrophied scars in the region of face and neck].

There was analyzed a number of the known classifications of scar deformations of face and neck tissues. The authors' criticism of these classifications and their own understanding of scar formation mechanisms and methods of treatment were put forward.

[Remote results of surgical treatment of aging ptosis of face and neck tissues].

Remote results of surgical treatment of patients with aging ptosis of face and neck tissues during 15 years are presented. Results were good there where suggested incisions marking was carried out and for those face and neck skin regions which should be corrected. Unsatisfactory results were received in the cases when wounds edges were sewn by uninterrupted blanket sutures without skin deeper layers fixing.

[Use of NO-therapy in correction nose deformations in patients with thick porous skin].

If the patient has thick porous skin in the region of end part of nose the result of the operation satisfies neither patient nor surgeon. During recent 2 years the authors used NO-therapy (apparatus Plazon) both in preparation thick porous skin for the operation and in postoperative period for prevention crude scars development and their treatment. NO-therapy was conducted to 22 patients pre- and postoperatively, to 26 patients operated 1,5-2 years ago (who had some compactness in the region of end part of nose) and to 5 patients with crude scar deformations. NO-therapy promoted quicker reduction of oedema and liquidation postoperative scars had formed in cases of endonasal incisions.

[Defects of nasal septum skin part elimination].

Method of elimination of nasal septum skin part defects was offered with creation of full-fledged receptive bed in the defect and cicatricially changed nose tip region with subsequent columella plastic by skin flaps from the region of the bases of nasal wings and upper third of the upper lip. The method allows to fill the defect of nasal septum skin part, to eliminate cicatricial deformity of nose tip, to shift wing of nose curls in right position, to reduce the lower third face height; hence the face becomes more harmonious.

[Clinico-anatomic characteristics of the tip of the nose].

The anatomy of the tip of the nose is reviewed with description of clinical manifestations in different variants of anatomical structures of the tip of the nose. Thick skin problem and specific features of surgical treatment of nasal tip deformities in thick, porous skin are considered.

[Clinicofunctional parallels in posttraumatic deformities of the nasal tip].

The analysis of different posttraumatic deformities of the nasal tip gave evidence for a close correlation of internal nose deformities with nasal breathing ranging from common changes in the internal nose (hypertrophy of the inferior turbinated bone) to atresia when nasal breathing is completely blocked. Because of tissue edema, respiration improved and normalized only 1 and 3 months after surgery. It is concluded that functional examinations before and after surgery are beneficial for patients and warrant optimal terms of surgery.

[Correction of the short skin part of the septum nasi].

The method proposed by the authors has favourable features due to taking into account all deformities -- flattened nasal end, increased height of the upper lip skin part, in drawn position of ala nasi helix. Besides the incisions are made with taking into account the natural plicas, that allows to distribute tissues properly and make scarring practically un-noticeable.

[Correction of the alae nasi and nasal floor].

UNLABELLED: A new correction method was suggested by the authors. According to the invention the incisions are made with consideration of natural plicas and excess of skin is excected only in the region of alae nasi, mucous membrane is not dissected that provides less tissues traumatism in comparison with the other METHODS: From 25 operated -- good results were received in 22 patients (88%), satisfactory -- in 3 cases (12%).

[Follow-up analyses of surgical treatment of patients with deformities of nose end of congenital nature].

Positive and negative features of the known techniques (suggested by Converse, Armstrong and Bourian) are discussed. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to modify the techniques to improve final results.

[Correction of congenital of the lateral nose deformities]. / Korrektsiia vrozhdennykh deformatsii kontsevogo otdela nosa.

Immediate and remote results of perennial use of most popular correction methods in different types of congenital deformations of nose end (wide end -- according to J. Converse; prolonged end -- according to D. Armstrong and protruded end -- according to F. Burian) were analyzed and their drawbacks disclosed. The authors presented their own new techniques.

[Clinical and morphological parallels in combined deformations of the nose]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskie paralleli pri kombinirovannykh deformatsiiakh nosa.

Analysis of clinical characteristics of 56 patients with combined deformations of the nose and morphological (histological and histochemical) changes in the nasal septal cartilage in 20 patients showed that common nasal deformations are complicated with age, impeding nasal respiration. The intensity of dystrophic changes in chondrocytes and intercellular cartilaginous matrix depends on the duration of posttraumatic or congenital deformation but not on its clinical severity. This necessitates earlier interventions, before the development of pronounced deformation of the whole nose and deterioration of nasal respiration.

[Combined nose deformities and the restoration of nasal breathing by a surgical method]. / Kombinirovannye deformatsii nosa i vosstanovlenie nosovogo dykhaniia khirurgicheskim sposobom.

Disorders in nasal respiration after posttraumatic combined deformations depend on deformation of the septum, pathological changes in the mucosa, and deformation of the external nose. Restoration of nasal breathing is determined by the type of surgical intervention. The nasal respiratory function recovered in 20 days to 5 months in the majority (47) of patients operated for traumatic combined deformations of the nose with impairment of nasal respiration.

[Surgical methods of correcting skin in various deformities of the nose]. / Khirurgicheskie metody korrektsii kozyi pri razlichnykh deformatsiiakh nosa.

Many-year experience gained in operations on patients with thick porous skin indicates that if such skin is not corrected simultaneously with supporting structures of the nose, the immediate and remote results of surgery were usually satisfactory. After operations with correction of thick porous skin or its dissection in case of excess skin, good results were attained in 78% cases. The authors consider such measures obligatory in repair of congenital deformations of the nose in patients with thick porous skin.

[The correction of a high ridge and bridge of the nose]. / Korrektsiia vysokoi spinki i perenos'ia nosa.

The proposed method for correcting congenital deformations of the nose is less traumatic and its cosmetic results are more stable. The procedure is as follows. After endonasal dissection and wide stratification of the skin of the ridge and bridge of the nose, the osseocartilagenous protrusion of the ridge and the bridge are removed not by depression, but by resection and removal with subsequent bilateral paramedial and transverse-lateral osteotomy of the nasal bones and their mobilization into a proper position. The method may be used for correcting a high ridge of the nose in any of its deformations: an osseocartilagenous protrusion, high wide ridge, uneven ridge after an injury, etc.

[The elimination of the retractility of the skin portion of the nasal septum]. / Ustranenie vtianutosti kozhnogo otdela peregorodki nosa.

The authors propose a method which decreases the traumatism of surgery for nasal septum repair and helps attain more stable cosmetic results. An open endonasal incision is made behind the alar cartilage pedicles and continued along the fold between the alar and triangular cartilages to the nostril wing base. Perpendicular to this incision and starting from its end, another incision is made, also through the mucosal and cartilagenous tissue to the site where lateral parts of alar cartilages are changed for median. The mucocartilaginous flap is thus cut from the external upper part of the lateral compartment of the alar cartilage. The same intervention is made from the other side. Then the flaps and wound edges are mobilized, the columella is rendered a proper position, and the detected hidden tissue defect is filled with mucocartilaginous flaps. This method is based on correct understanding of the deformation, detection of the latent defect of tissues, and its repair by means of the adjacent tissues making incisions from the nasal cavity. The modification differs favorably from the prototype method.