Detection of Arrhythmias Using Smartwatches-A Systematic Literature Review.

Smartwatches represent one of the most widely adopted technological innovations among wearable devices. Their evolution has equipped them with an increasing array of features, including the capability to record an electrocardiogram. This functionality allows users to detect potential arrhythmias, enabling prompt intervention or monitoring of existing arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation. In our research, we aimed to compile case reports, case series, and cohort studies from the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases published until 1 August 2023. The search employed keywords such as "Smart Watch", "Apple Watch", "Samsung Gear", "Samsung Galaxy Watch", "Google Pixel Watch", "Fitbit", "Huawei Watch", "Withings", "Garmin", "Atrial Fibrillation", "Supraventricular Tachycardia", "Cardiac Arrhythmia", "Ventricular Tachycardia", "Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia", "Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia", "Heart Block", "Atrial Flutter", "Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia", and "Bradyarrhythmia." We obtained a total of 758 results, from which we selected 57 articles, including 33 case reports and case series, as well as 24 cohort studies. Most of the scientific works focused on atrial fibrillation, which is often detected using Apple Watches. Nevertheless, we also included articles investigating arrhythmias with the potential for circulatory collapse without immediate intervention. This systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on arrhythmia detection using smartwatches. Through further research, it may be possible to develop a care protocol that integrates arrhythmias recorded by smartwatches, allowing for timely access to appropriate medical care for patients. Additionally, continuous monitoring of existing arrhythmias using smartwatches could facilitate the assessment of the effectiveness of prescribed therapies.

[Gardner's syndrome, a rare disease]. / Gardner-syndroma, avagy amikor a raritások "kopogtatnak az ajtón".

Introduction: Gardner's syndrome is a clinical subgroup of Familial Adenomatosus Polyposis, arare, autosomal disease. It is characterized by gastrointestinal polyps and extra-intestinal manifestations including multiple osteomas, skin and tissue tumours. The authors describe a case of a male patient, and discuss the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with Gardner's syndrome. We conclude that the knowledge of rare syndromes is very important for the correct treatment.

Prolactin-releasing peptide regulates cardiac contractility.

High levels of specific prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) binding sites have been found in the myocardium; however, the functional importance of PrRP in the regulation of cardiac function is unknown. In isolated perfused rat hearts, infusion of PrRP (1-100 nM) induced a dose-dependent positive inotropic effect. Inhibition of cAMP catabolism by IBMX, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, failed to augment the contractile effect of PrRP. The protein phosphatase (PP1/PP2A) inhibitor calyculin A increased the inotropic response to PrRP, whereas the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid had no effect. Ro32-0432, a protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) inhibitor, significantly enhanced the inotropic effect of PrRP as well as the phosphorylation of phospholamban at Ser-16. In conclusion, the present data define a hitherto unrecognized role for PrRP in the regulation of cardiovascular system by showing that PrRP exerts a direct positive inotropic effect. Moreover, our results suggest that the cAMP-independent inotropic response to PrRP is suppressed by concurrent activation of PKC alpha and PP1.

[The role of radical surgical approach in the treatment of benign multinodular goitre depending on anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve]. / A radikalitás helye a benignus pajzsmirigybetegségek sebészi kezelésében a nervus rekurrens anatómiai sajátságainak tükrében.

UNLABELLED: From time to time there is a surprise at the end of surgery - even after subtotal resection - when a vocal cord is observed on indirect laryngoscopy to be non-functional. Surgeons are highly individualistic and develop their own special ways of locating and protecting the nerve. The present study has tried to clarify whether relying on palpation alone during surgery is safe enough in each case. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 01.01.2001 and 31.12.2008, 1228 recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) were exposed in 702 patients on thyroid surgery. The RLN was found and traced until the laryngeal entry point in all patients. Substernal spreading was noted in 38.6% (271/702), while tracheal compression or dislocation was present in 19.5% (137/702). Recurrent thyroid disease counted for 8.4% (59/702) of all cases. Total thyroid lobectomy was carried out in 82.2% (1009/1228), near-total thyroidectomy in 15.5% (191/1228), and subtotal resection only in 2.3% (28/1228). RESULTS: Palpation was helpful in 80.7% (991/1228), proved false positive in 8.7% (107/1228), while in 10.6% (130/1228) it did not provide any help in the localization. The palpability of the RLN showed marked discrepancy between the two sides. False positivity was noted with palpation in 3.4% (21/625) and 14.3% (86/603) on the right and left side, respectively. On the other hand, palpation helped localization in 4.8% (29/603) on the left side, while the same figure was 16.2% (101/603) on the right side. Definitive RLN palsy was experienced in 0.8% of all cases (10/1228), whilst transient paresis was encountered in 1.4% (17/1228). Occult malignancy was noticed in 5.6% (39/702). CONCLUSIONS: No indication has been left for subtotal resection. Even if benign multinodular goitre is present, since the clinical and pathophysiological evidences suggest that multinodular goitre affects the entire gland, any surgery that leaves potentially abnormal thyroid tissue in situ carries a risk of recurrent disease. RLN palpatory method is a useful part of thyroid surgery but it is suitable for rough orientation only.

[Adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland. Case report and review of the literature]. / A mellékvese adenomatoid tumora, avagy irodalmi barangolás egy igen ritka mesothelialis daganat nyomán.

Adenomatoid tumors of the adrenal gland are rather rare, asymptomatic neoplasias with benign behavior and usually are diagnosed incidentally. The authors report a case of an adenomatoid tumor of the right adrenal gland in a 32-year-old man who sought evaluation because of fever and renal pain. During investigation a tumor, localized in right adrenal gland, was identified by ultrasonography and CT. The patient underwent adrenalectomy with histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland. Based on literature data the epidemiology, symptoms, differential diagnosis, treatments, histopathology and prognosis of adenomatoid tumors of the adrenal gland are discussed.

[Late metastases of abdominal cutaneous malignant melanoma in the small and large bowels]. / Hasfali melanoma malignum késoi multiplex vékony- es vastagbél-metasztázisa.

The authors reported the case of a 56 years old man, who was operated with abdominal cutaneous malignant melanoma 5 years ago. He had chemo-immunotherapy. His complaints were epigastric pain, melena, hematochezia, anorexia, lack of appetite, fatigue. The upper panendoscopy showed tumor mass in the duodenojejunal flexure and the colonoscopy showed tumor in the large bowel. The patient underwent jejunal resection and right hemicolectomy. The authors survey the metastases of malignant melanoma as well as their clinical signs, therapeutic measures and prognosis.

[Late metastases of cutaneous malignant melanoma on the abdominal wall to the small and large bowel]. / Hasfali melanoma malignum késoi multiplex vékony-es vastagbél metasztázisa.

We describe the case of a 56 years old man, who was operated on with abdominal wall skin malignant melanoma 5 years ago. He received postoperative DTIC + Intron A treatment. Five years later he presented with complaints of epigastric pain, melena, hematochezia, anorexia and fatigue. Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy showed a tumour mass in the duodeno-jejunal flexure and colonoscopy showed a tumour in the large bowel. Histology verified anaplastic carcinoma. The patient was operated on. We found metastases in the small and the large bowel The patient underwent resection of the jejunum and right hemicolectomy. We describe the different types of metastases of malignant melanomas symptoms, therapies and prognosis.

[Primary anorectal melanoma--an uncommon disease with a poor prognosis]. / Primer anorektális melanoma--egy ritka, de igen rossz prognózisú betegség.

Primary anorectal melanoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis. The optimal treatment of this disease is not well defined. The majority of patients develop generalised recurrent disease and die despite radical surgical treatment. Screening for colorectal cancer may help to detect this disease earlier and the early diagnosis should give better outcome. We present a case report and evaluate--based on literature--epidemiology, most common symptoms, histopathology, diagnosis, treatments and the prognosis of primary anorectal melanomas.