"Ion-imprinting" strategy towards metal sulfide scavenger enables the highly selective capture of radiocesium.

Highly selective capture of radiocesium is an urgent need for environmental radioactive contamination remediation and spent fuel disposal. Herein, a strategy is proposed for construction of "inorganic ion-imprinted adsorbents" with ion recognition-separation capabilities, and a metal sulfide Cs2.33Ga2.33Sn1.67S8·H2O (FJSM-CGTS) with "imprinting effect" on Cs+ is prepared. We show that the K+ activation product of FJSM-CGTS, Cs0.51K1.82Ga2.33Sn1.67S8·H2O (FJMS-KCGTS), can reach adsorption equilibrium for Cs+ within 5 min, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 246.65 mg·g-1. FJMS-KCGTS overcomes the hindrance of Cs+ adsorption by competing ions and realizes highly selective capture of Cs+ in complex environments. It shows successful cleanup for actual 137Cs-liquid-wastes generated during industrial production with removal rates of over 99%. Ion-exchange column filled with FJMS-KCGTS can efficiently treat 540 mL Cs+-containing solutions (31.995 mg·L-1) and generates only 0.12 mL of solid waste, which enables waste solution volume reduction. Single-crystal structural analysis and density functional theory calculations are used to visualize the "ion-imprinting" process and confirm that the "imprinting effect" originates from the spatially confined effect of the framework. This work clearly reveals radiocesium capture mechanism and structure-function relationships that could inspire the development of efficient inorganic adsorbents for selective recognition and separation of key radionuclides.

All-in-one treatment: Capture and immobilization of 137Cs by ultra-stable inorganic solid acid materials HMMoO6·nH2O (M = Ta, Nb).

Capture and immobilization of 137Cs is urgent for radioactive contamination remediation and spent fuel treatment. Herein, an effective all-in-one treatment method to simultaneously adsorb and immobilize Cs+ without high-temperature treatment is proposed. According to the strategy of incorporating high-valency metal ions into molybdates to increase the material stability and affinity towards radionuclides, layered HMMoO6·nH2O (M = Ta (1), Nb (2)) are prepared. Both materials exhibit excellent acid resistance (even 15 mol/L HNO3). They maintain remarkable adsorption capacity for Cs+ in 1 mol/L HNO3 solutions and can selectively capture Cs+ under excessive competitive ions. Furthermore, they show successful cleanup for actual 137Cs-liquid-wastes generated during industrial production. In particular, adsorbed Cs+ can be firmly immobilized in interlayer spaces of materials due to the highly stable anionic framework. The removal mechanism is attributed to ion exchange between Cs+ and interlayer H+ by multiple characterizations. Study of the structure-function relationship shows that the occurrence of Cs+ ion exchange is closely related to plate-like layered structure. This work develops an efficient all-in-one treatment method for capturing and immobilizing radiocesium by ultra-stable inorganic solid acid materials with low energy consumption and high safety for radionuclide remediation.

(C6H15N3)1.3(NH4)1.5H1.5In3SnS8: a layered metal sulfide based on supertetrahedral T2 clusters with photoelectric response and ion exchange properties.

A new layered metal sulfide, namely (C6H15N3)1.3(NH4)1.5H1.5In3SnS8 (1, C6H15N3 = N-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine), has been solvothermally synthesized and characterized. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. Its structure features a two-dimensional layer of {In3SnS8}n3n- with the (4,4) topology net, which is formed by interlinking supertetrahedral T2 clusters as secondary building units. Band structure calculations revealed that 1 had a band gap of 2.7 eV. The photoelectric response of 1 showed steady and reversible on/off cycles with an "on" state of 121.13 nA cm-2. Moreover, the activation of 1 by replacing the sluggish organic cations with harder K+ ions endowed the material with improved adsorption performances for Sr2+ ions from aqueous solutions.

New group IIIA metal phosphate-oxalates containing dimethylammonium cations with proton conductivity.

Three new group IIIA metal phosphate-oxalate (MPO) compounds, namely [(CH3)2NH2]2[M2(HPO4)2(H2PO4)2(C2O4)] (M = Al (1), Ga (2)) and [(CH3)2NH2]2[In2(HPO4)2(H2PO4)2(C2O4)]·H2O (3), have been synthesized. Their crystal structures feature an anionic layer with the sql topology net. In particular, 1 displays a proton conductivity (σ) of 9.09 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 85 °C and under 98% relative humidity, which is the highest among MPOs. This study not only endows the main group metal-based MPO family with new members, but also contributes to further understanding of the structure-directing roles of amines and provides a feasible idea for improving the proton conductivity of MPOs.

Efficient Co-Adsorption and Highly Selective Separation of Cs+ and Sr2+ with a K+ -Activated Niobium Germanate by the pH Control.

137 Cs and 90 Sr are hazardous to ecological environment and human health due to their strong radioactivity, long half-life, and high mobility. However, effective adsorption and separation of Cs+ and Sr2+ from acidic radioactive wastewater is challenging due to stability issues of material and the strong competition of protons. Herein, a K+ -activated niobium germanate (K-NGH-1) presents efficient Cs+ /Sr2+ coadsorption and highly selective Cs+ /Sr2+ separation, respectively, under different acidity conditions. In neutral solution, K-NGH-1 exhibits ultrafast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity for both Cs+ and Sr2+ (qm Cs  = 182.91 mg g-1 ; qm Sr  = 41.62 mg g-1 ). In 1 M HNO3 solution, K-NGH-1 still possesses qm Cs of 91.40 mg g-1 for Cs+ but almost no adsorption for Sr2+ . Moreover, K-NGH-1 can effectively separate Cs+ from 1 M HNO3 solutions with excess competing Sr2+ and Mn + (Mn +  = Na+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ ) ions. Thus, efficient separation of Cs+ and Sr2+ is realized under acidic conditions. Besides, K-NGH-1 shows excellent acid and radiation resistance and recyclability. All the merits above endow K-NGH-1 with the first example of niobium germanates for radionuclides remediation. This work highlights the facile pH control approach towards bifunctional ion exchangers for efficient Cs+ /Sr2+ coadsorption and selective separation.

Study on the classification and identification of various carbonate and sulfate mineral medicines based on Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA-SVM algorithm.

The efficacy of mineral medicines varies greatly between different origins. Therefore, investigating a method to quickly identify similar mineral medicines is meaningful. In this paper, a visual classification and identification model of Raman spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms was developed to rapidly classify and identify carbonate and sulfate mineral medicines. The results reveal that although the Raman spectra are too similar to distinguish by naked eye, the PCA-SVM algorithm can perform accurate classification and identification, and its accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score parameters all reach 100%. The proposed method is rapid, accurate, nondestructive, convenient, portable, and low cost, and has important application value for the classification, identification and quality supervision of various carbonate and sulfate mineral medicines.

Influencing factors of depressive symptoms among rural elderly patients with chronic diseases / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the influencing factors of depressive symptoms among rural elderly patients with chronic diseases in China, so as to provide insights into depression prevention and control among the rural elderly patients with chronic diseases.@*Methods@#The basic demographics, health status, and lifestyle of rural residents at ages of 65 years and older who had at least one chronic disease were retrieved from The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database in 2018, and participants' depressive symptoms were assessed with The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 (CES-D-10) scale. Factors affecting the depressive symptoms were identified with a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 5 146 rural elderly patients with chronic diseases were enrolled, including 2 373 men (46.11%) and 2 773 women (53.89%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27.13%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified having two and more children (OR=0.614, 95%CI: 0.387-0.975), living alone (OR=1.450, 95%CI: 1.192-1.764), life satisfaction (general, OR=1.933, 95%CI: 1.651-2.264; low, OR=5.366, 95%CI: 3.488-8.254), self-assessed health status (general, OR=2.697, 95%CI: 2.284-3.185; poor, OR=5.338, 95%CI: 4.262-6.685), disability in instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.592, 95%CI: 1.328-1.908), sleep duration (normal, OR=0.502, 95%CI: 0.429-0.586; too long, OR=0.494, 95%CI: 0.405-0.603), exercise (OR=0.721, 95%CI: 0.607-0.856), watching TV (OR=0.787, 95%CI: 0.664-0.933), and gardening activities (OR=0.781, 95%CI: 0.626-0.975) as factors affecting depressive symptoms among rural elderly patients with chronic diseases.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27.13% among rural elderly patients with chronic diseases. Number of children, living style, life satisfaction, health status, sleep duration, exercise, watching TV, and gardening activities are associated with the development of depressive symptoms among rural elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Hybrid Germanium Bromide Perovskites with Tunable Second Harmonic Generation.

Ge-based hybrid perovskite materials have demonstrated great potential for second harmonic generation (SHG) due to the geometry and lone-pair induced non-centrosymmetric structures. Here, we report a new family of hybrid 3D Ge-based bromide perovskites AGeBr3 , A=CH3 NH3 (MA), CH(NH2 )2 (FA), Cs and FAGe0.5 Sn0.5 Br3 , crystallizing in polar space groups. These compounds exhibit tunable SHG responses, where MAGeBr3 shows the strongest SHG intensity (5×potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KDP). Structural and theoretical analysis indicate the high SHG efficiency is attributed to the displacement of Ge2+ along [111] direction and the relatively strong interactions between lone pair electrons of Ge2+ and polar MA cations along the c-axis. This work provides new structural insights for designing and fine-tuning the SHG properties in hybrid metal halide materials.

High-capacity recovery of Cs+ ions by facilely synthesized layered vanadyl oxalatophosphates with the clear insight into remediation mechanism.

Radiocesium remediation is of great significance for the sustainable development of nuclear energy and ecological protection. It is very challenging for the effective recovery of 137Cs from aqueous solutions due to its strong radioactivity, solubility and mobility. Herein, the efficient recovery of Cs+ ions has been achieved by three layered vanadyl oxalatophosphates, namely (NH4)2[(VO)2(HPO4)2C2O4]·5 H2O (NVPC), Na2[(VO)2(HPO4)2C2O4]·2 H2O (SVPC), and K2.5[(VO)2(HPO4)1.5(PO4)0.5(C2O4)]·4.5 H2O (KVPC). NVPC exhibits the ultra-fast kinetics (within 5 min) and high adsorption capacity for Cs+ (qmCs = 471.58 mg/g). It also holds broad pH durability and excellent radiation stability. Impressively, the entry of Cs+ can be directly visualized by the single-crystal structural analysis, and thus the underlying mechanism of Cs+ capture by NVPC from aqueous solutions has been illuminated at the molecular level. This is a pioneering work in the removal of radioactive ions by metal oxalatophosphate materials which highlights the great potential of metal oxalatophosphates for radionuclide remediation.

Highly Efficient Uptake of Cs+ by Robust Layered Metal-Organic Frameworks with a Distinctive Ion Exchange Mechanism.

137Cs with strong radioactivity and a long half-life is highly hazardous to human health and the environment. The efficient removal of 137Cs from complex solutions is still challenging because of its high solubility and easy mobility and the influence of interfering ions. It is highly desirable to develop effective scavengers for radiocesium remediation. Here, the highly efficient uptake of Cs+ has been realized by two robust layered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [(CH3)2NH2]In(L)2·DMF·H2O (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide, H2L= H2aip (5-aminoisophthalic acid) for 1 and H2hip (5-hydroxyisophthalic acid) for 2). Remarkably, 1 and 2 hold excellent acid and alkali resistance and radiation stabilities. They exhibit fast kinetics, high capacities (q m Cs = 270.86 and 297.67 mg/g for 1 and 2, respectively), excellent selectivity for Cs+ uptake, and facile elution for the regeneration of materials. Particularly, 1 and 2 can achieve efficient Cs+/Sr2+ separation in a wide range of Sr/Cs molar ratios. For example, the separation factor (SF Cs/Sr) is up to ∼320 for 1. Moreover, the Cs+ uptake and elution mechanisms have been directly elucidated at the molecular level by an unprecedented single-crystal to single-crystal (SC-SC) structural transformation, which is attributed to the strong interactions between COO- functional groups and Cs+ ions, easily exchangeable [(CH3)2NH2]+, and flexible and robust anionic layer frameworks with open windows as "pockets". This work highlights layered MOFs for the highly efficient uptake of Cs+ ions in the field of radionuclide remediation.

Highly selective cesium(I) capture under acidic conditions by a layered sulfide.

Radiocesium remediation is desirable for ecological protection, human health and sustainable development of nuclear energy. Effective capture of Cs+ from acidic solutions is still challenging, mainly due to the low stability of the adsorbing materials and the competitive adsorption of protons. Herein, the rapid and highly selective capture of Cs+ from strongly acidic solutions is achieved by a robust K+-directed layered metal sulfide KInSnS4 (InSnS-1) that exhibits excellent acid and radiation resistance. InSnS-1 possesses high adsorption capacity for Cs+ and can serve as the stationary phase in ion exchange columns to effectively remove Cs+ from neutral and acidic solutions. The adsorption of Cs+ and H3O+ is monitored by single-crystal structure analysis, and thus the underlying mechanism of selective Cs+ capture from acidic solutions is elucidated at the molecular level.

Comparing the reliability of relative bird abundance indices from standardized surveys and community science data at finer resolutions.

Biodiversity loss is a global ecological crisis that is both a driver of and response to environmental change. Understanding the connections between species declines and other components of human-natural systems extends across the physical, life, and social sciences. From an analysis perspective, this requires integration of data from different scientific domains, which often have heterogeneous scales and resolutions. Community science projects such as eBird may help to fill spatiotemporal gaps and enhance the resolution of standardized biological surveys. Comparisons between eBird and the more comprehensive North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) have found these datasets can produce consistent multi-year abundance trends for bird populations at national and regional scales. Here we investigate the reliability of these datasets for estimating patterns at finer resolutions, inter-annual changes in abundance within town boundaries. Using a case study of 14 focal species within Massachusetts, we calculated four indices of annual relative abundance using eBird and BBS datasets, including two different modeling approaches within each dataset. We compared the correspondence between these indices in terms of multi-year trends, annual estimates, and inter-annual changes in estimates at the state and town-level. We found correspondence between eBird and BBS multi-year trends, but this was not consistent across all species and diminished at finer, inter-annual temporal resolutions. We further show that standardizing modeling approaches can increase index reliability even between datasets at coarser temporal resolutions. Our results indicate that multiple datasets and modeling methods should be considered when estimating species population dynamics at finer temporal resolutions, but standardizing modeling approaches may improve estimate correspondence between abundance datasets. In addition, reliability of these indices at finer spatial scales may depend on habitat composition, which can impact survey accuracy.

Critical Risk Indicators (CRIs) for the electric power grid: a survey and discussion of interconnected effects.

The electric power grid is a critical societal resource connecting multiple infrastructural domains such as agriculture, transportation, and manufacturing. The electrical grid as an infrastructure is shaped by human activity and public policy in terms of demand and supply requirements. Further, the grid is subject to changes and stresses due to diverse factors including solar weather, climate, hydrology, and ecology. The emerging interconnected and complex network dependencies make such interactions increasingly dynamic, posing novel risks, and presenting new challenges to manage the coupled human-natural system. This paper provides a survey of models and methods that seek to explore the significant interconnected impact of the electric power grid and interdependent domains. We also provide relevant critical risk indicators (CRIs) across diverse domains that may be used to assess risks to electric grid reliability, including climate, ecology, hydrology, finance, space weather, and agriculture. We discuss the convergence of indicators from individual domains to explore possible systemic risk, i.e., holistic risk arising from cross-domain interconnections. Further, we propose a compositional approach to risk assessment that incorporates diverse domain expertise and information, data science, and computer science to identify domain-specific CRIs and their union in systemic risk indicators. Our study provides an important first step towards data-driven analysis and predictive modeling of risks in interconnected human-natural systems.

Efficient Removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ Ions by Granulous (Me2NH2)4/3(Me3NH)2/3Sn3S7·1.25H2O/Polyacrylonitrile Composite.

The need to effectively and selectively remove radioactive 137Cs and 90Sr from nuclear waste solutions persists to mitigate their environmental mobility and high radiotoxicity. Because it is difficult to effectively remove them from acidic environments that degrade most sorbents, new sorbent materials are highly desirable. Here, efficient removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ is achieved by the composite of layered tin sulfide (Me2NH2)4/3(Me3NH)2/3Sn3S7·1.25H2O (FJSM-SnS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (FJSM-SnS/PAN). The granulous composite possesses regular particle morphology and good mechanical strength as an engineered form. It shows excellent acid-base and γ-irradiation resistance, high maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of 296.12 and 62.88 mg/g for Cs+ and Sr2+ ions, respectively, and high selectivity even in the presence of excess Na+ ions or using lake water. Impressively, qmCs of FJSM-SnS/PAN reaches 89.29 mg/g under even acidic conditions (pH = 2.5). The column loaded with FJSM-SnS/PAN granules exhibits high removal rates (R) toward low-concentration Cs+ and Sr2+ ions under both neutral and acidic conditions. Moreover, the composite can be recycled and reused with high RCs and RSr. This work highlights the great potential of metal sulfide ion-exchangers in engineered form for the efficient removal of Cs+ or Sr2+ ions, especially under acidic conditions, for radionuclide remediation.

Layered Thiostannates with Distinct Arrangements of Mixed Cations for the Selective Capture of Cs+, Sr2+, and Eu3+ Ions.

The selective capture of radioactive cesium, strontium, and lanthanides from liquid nuclear waste is of great significance to environmental remediation and human health. Herein, the rapid and selective removal of Cs+, Sr2+, and Eu3+ ions is achieved by two metal sulfides (FJSM-SnS-2 and FJSM-SnS-3). Both structures feature [Sn3S7]n2n- layers with the mixed cations of [CH3NH3]+ and [Bmmim]+ (1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium) as templates. However, the ratios and arrangements of mixed cations in the interlayered spaces are distinct. It is unprecedented that [CH3NH3]+ and [Bmmim]+ in FJSM-SnS-2 are alternatingly arranged in different interlayered spaces, whereas they in FJSM-SnS-3 are located in the same interlayered spaces. It is the first time that the ionic liquid cation and protonated organic amine have been simultaneously incorporated into metal sulfides. Both compounds show high capacities, rapid kinetics, and a wide pH active range for Cs+, Sr2+, and Eu3+. Even under excess Na+ ions, both show excellent selectivity in capturing trace Sr2+ and Eu3+ ions. FJSM-SnS-3 presents the highest KdEu to date. They still retain high removal efficiency even after intense ß and γ radiation. Moreover, it is first confirmed by the in situ tracking method of mass spectrometry that the large-sized [Bmmim]+ ions are exchangeable. It is found that the arrangement of cations between interlayered spaces is a crucial factor affecting ion exchange performance. This work will likely change the consensus that large-sized organic cations are difficult to be exchanged and thus further highlight the great potential of metal sulfide ion exchangers for radionuclide remediation.

Robust and Flexible Thioantimonate Materials for Cs+ Remediation with Distinctive Structural Transformation: A Clear Insight into the Ion-Exchange Mechanism.

It is imperative yet challenging to efficiently sequester the 137Cs+ ion from aqueous solutions because of its highly environmental mobility and extremely high radiotoxicity. The systematical clarification for underlying mechanism of Cs+ removal and elution at the molecular level is rare. Here, efficient Cs+ capture is achieved by a thioantimonate [MeNH3]3Sb9S15 (FJSM-SbS) with high capacity, fast kinetics, wide pH durability, excellent ß and γ radiation resistances, and facile elution. The Cs+ removal is not significantly impacted by coexisting Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+ ions which is beneficial to the remediation of Cs+-contaminated real waters. Importantly, the mechanism is directly illuminated by revealing an unprecedented single-crystal to single-crystal structural transformation upon Cs+ uptake and elution processes. The superior Cs+ removal results from an unusual synergy from strong affinity of soft S2- with Cs+, easily exchangeable [MeNH3]+ cations, and the flexible and robust framework of FJSM-SbS with open windows as trappers.

Repurposing bortezomib for choroidal neovascularization treatment via antagonizing VEGF-A and PDGF-D mediated signaling.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (neoAMD) is the leading cause of blindness in AMD and manifests as choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are the mainstay treatments but with limited efficacy and cause detrimental effects on the retina after long-term application. These disadvantages warrant alternative strategy. Herein, we examined the effect on CNV by intravitreal injection of bortezomib, a reversible proteasome inhibitor, and further dissected the mechanism. Krypton red Laser was used to create CNV model in mice. The angiogenesis volume was assessed in choroidal flat-mount with isolectin GS-IB4 labeling and the leakage was examined with fluorescein fundus angiography. Injection of Borsub inhibited angiogenesis in the CNV model which was dose-dependent; the injection significantly inhibited leakage as well. Furthermore, Borsub injection reduced the contents of VEGF-A, macrophage chemotactic factor 1 (MCP-1), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-D but not PDGF-B, examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in choroid/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tissue. These injections also reduced phospho-VEGFR-2 and phospho-PDGFRß in choroid/RPE tissue examined by immunoblotting. Moreover, Borsub inhibited the recruitment of mural cells or macrophages to laser-injured spots. Injection of Borsub indicated negative effect on scotopic and photopic responses recorded by electroretinogram. Altogether, intravitreal injection of Borsub significantly reduced CNV by antagonizing VEGF-A/Flk-1 and PDGF-D/PDGFRß pathways without impacting electroretinography parameters. Thus, Borsub may offer an invaluable therapy for the prevention and treatment of neoAMD.

Prognostic Significance of Sarcomatoid Differentiation in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: To date, the prognostic value of sarcomatoid differentiation in patients having metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains inconclusive. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant literatures were obtained from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library published prior to May, 2020. All patients were diagnosed with mRCC and treated with surgery, cytokine therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Sarcomatoid differentiation in the pathological specimens was identified. Each endpoint [overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS)] was assessed using a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Fifteen observational studies having 5,828 patients with mRCC were included. The merged results showed that patients presenting sarcomatoid differentiation had a significantly inferior OS (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.82-2.81; P < 0.001), PFS (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.63-3.19; P < 0.001), and CSS (HR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.51-3.40; P < 0.001) compared to those without sarcomatoid differentiation. Subgroup analysis based on publication year, patient population, country, number of cases, and NOS score did not change the direction of results. A significant publication bias was identified for OS, but no publication bias was identified for PFS. Moreover, sensitivity analysis also verified the robustness of the results. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that sarcomatoid differentiation was correlated to unfavorable clinical outcomes in mRCC and may be a poor prognostic factor incorporating to prognostic models for mRCC patients.

Efficacy and safety of Brucea javanica oil emulsion for liver cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE), extracted from the Chinese herb Bruceae Fructus (Yadanzi), is a broad-spectrum anti-tumor drug and has been widely used for the treatment of liver cancer in China. The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of BJOE for the treatment of liver cancer. METHODS: Seven electronic databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Scientific Journal Database, and Wanfang Database will be systematically retrieved for data extraction from their inceptions to September 2020. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. The RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software will be applied for statistical analyses. Statistical heterogeneity will be computed by I tests. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to evaluate the stability of the results. The publication bias will be evaluated by funnel plots and Egger test. The quality of evidence will be assessed by the GRADE system. RESULTS: The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or presenting the findings at a relevant conference. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study will provide helpful evidence of the effect and safety of BJOE for the treatment of liver cancer in clinical practice. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: 10.17605/OSF.IO/UC8XQ.

Selective and fast recovery of rare earth elements from industrial wastewater by porous ß-cyclodextrin and magnetic ß-cyclodextrin polymers.

Recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from industrial wastewater has drawn great attention due to their potential environmental toxicity, as well as their high demand in modern technologies. In this study, we developed a magnetic composite based on the high surface area porous ß-cyclodextrin polymer (P-CDP), namely P-CDP@Fe3O4. Both P-CDP and P-CDP@Fe3O4 rapidly sequester REEs such as Nd, Gd, Eu, and Y, reaching equilibrium in less than 10 min and fitting the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacities ranging from 7.76 to 9.59 mg/g at 25 °C when the highest initial concentration was 100 mg/L. Besides, the recovery of these REEs was not affected by competitive alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal ions in model studies and industrial wastewater as revealed by the recovery efficiencies, which ranged from 62% to 100% indicating an excellent selectivity on both adsorbents. In addition, both adsorbents can be fully regenerated under mildly acidic conditions for at least five consecutive cycles. Moreover, P-CDP@Fe3O4 can be easily isolated by an external magnetic field which simplifies its synthesis and usability. It also overcomes the clogging and high backpressure issues of P-CDP, which facilitates its application for REEs recovery as compared with P-CDP. These characteristics demonstrate the promise of P-CDP and P-CDP@Fe3O4 for the pollution control and recovery of REEs.