Torção espontânea de lobo pulmonar cranial esquerdo em cadela de dezessete anos / Spontaneous left cranial lung lobe torsion in a 17-year-old bitch / Torsión espontánea del lóbulo pulmonar craneal izquierdo en una perra de diecisiete años

Uma das causas de dispneia e alterações respiratórias em cães é a torção de lobo pulmonar. Tal afecção caracteriza-se pela torção do hilo broncovascular de um ou mais lobos pulmonares sobre o próprio eixo, levando à perda de função daquele lobo, além de diversas alterações metabólicas e fisiológicas que podem levar à necrose. Os sinais clínicos advêm principalmente da atelectasia, da congestão venosa e da efusão pleural que se forma em decorrência da torção. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de radiografia torácica e/ou tomografia computadorizada, e, em alguns casos, por toracotomia exploratória. Essa afecção apresenta bom prognóstico se resolvida a causa principal por meio de lobectomia pulmonar. O presente trabalho relata um caso de torção de lobo pulmonar cranial em uma cadela de dezessete anos, idade atípica, cuja recuperação pós-operatória excedeu às expectativas(AU)

Lung lobe torsion is one of the causes of dyspnea and respiratory changes in dogs. Twisting of the bronchovascular hilum on its axis, leads to loss of function and metabolic and physiological changes that result in necrosis of the affected lobe. Atelectasis, venous congestion, and pleural effusion secondary to the lobe torsion are responsible for the clinical signs. Chest radiographs or CT scan are used to confirm the diagnosis. In rare cases confirmation is done by exploratory thoracotomy. The prognosis is good after removal of the affected lung lobe. We report a case of left cranial lung lobe torsion in a 17-year-old bitch, successfully treated by lung lobectomy.(AU)

Una de las causas de disnea y alteraciones respiratorias en perros es la torsión de un lóbulo pulmonar. Esta enfermedad se caracteriza por la torsión del hilio broncovascular sobre su eje de uno o más lóbulos pulmonares, que provoca una pérdida de función del lóbulo afectado, además de otros tipos de alteraciones metabólicas y fisiológicas que pueden llevar a la necrosis. Los signos clínicos están relacionados, principalmente, con cuadros de atelectasia, de congestión venosa y de efusión pleural que se producen como consecuencia de la torsión. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante radiografías de tórax o tomografia computarizada, y en algunos casos, mediante una toracotomía exploratoria. Estos cuadros presentan buen pronóstico mediante la lobectomía del lóbulo afectado. El presente trabajo relata un caso de torsión del lóbulo pulmonar craneal en una perra de diecisiete años, una edad poco frecuente, cuya recuperación postoperatoria excedió las expectativas.(AU)

Torção espontânea de lobo pulmonar cranial esquerdo em cadela de dezessete anos / Spontaneous left cranial lung lobe torsion in a 17-year-old bitch / Torsión espontánea del lóbulo pulmonar craneal izquierdo en una perra de diecisiete años

Uma das causas de dispneia e alterações respiratórias em cães é a torção de lobo pulmonar. Tal afecção caracteriza-se pela torção do hilo broncovascular de um ou mais lobos pulmonares sobre o próprio eixo, levando à perda de função daquele lobo, além de diversas alterações metabólicas e fisiológicas que podem levar à necrose. Os sinais clínicos advêm principalmente da atelectasia, da congestão venosa e da efusão pleural que se forma em decorrência da torção. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de radiografia torácica e/ou tomografia computadorizada, e, em alguns casos, por toracotomia exploratória. Essa afecção apresenta bom prognóstico se resolvida a causa principal por meio de lobectomia pulmonar. O presente trabalho relata um caso de torção de lobo pulmonar cranial em uma cadela de dezessete anos, idade atípica, cuja recuperação pós-operatória excedeu às expectativas

Lung lobe torsion is one of the causes of dyspnea and respiratory changes in dogs. Twisting of the bronchovascular hilum on its axis, leads to loss of function and metabolic and physiological changes that result in necrosis of the affected lobe. Atelectasis, venous congestion, and pleural effusion secondary to the lobe torsion are responsible for the clinical signs. Chest radiographs or CT scan are used to confirm the diagnosis. In rare cases confirmation is done by exploratory thoracotomy. The prognosis is good after removal of the affected lung lobe. We report a case of left cranial lung lobe torsion in a 17-year-old bitch, successfully treated by lung lobectomy.

Una de las causas de disnea y alteraciones respiratorias en perros es la torsión de un lóbulo pulmonar. Esta enfermedad se caracteriza por la torsión del hilio broncovascular sobre su eje de uno o más lóbulos pulmonares, que provoca una pérdida de función del lóbulo afectado, además de otros tipos de alteraciones metabólicas y fisiológicas que pueden llevar a la necrosis. Los signos clínicos están relacionados, principalmente, con cuadros de atelectasia, de congestión venosa y de efusión pleural que se producen como consecuencia de la torsión. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante radiografías de tórax o tomografia computarizada, y en algunos casos, mediante una toracotomía exploratoria. Estos cuadros presentan buen pronóstico mediante la lobectomía del lóbulo afectado. El presente trabajo relata un caso de torsión del lóbulo pulmonar craneal en una perra de diecisiete años, una edad poco frecuente, cuya recuperación postoperatoria excedió las expectativas.

Acute Lung Injury Syndrome (TRALI) in a dog possibly triggered by blood transfusion

Background: Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are clinical syndromes, differing in severity, characterized by bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, usually associated with an underlying cause. Diagnosis is given by thoracic radiography and PaO2 /FiO2 ratio <300. The possible Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) occurs when ALI or ARDS signs (i.e. hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates) are found in patients without preexisting ALI that have received transfusion in the last 72 h. This case report describes a case of a canine patient that developed possible TRALI after a forelimb amputation and a whole blood transfusion.Case: A 10-year-old female dog, with necrotic and infected bite injuries on left forelimb was initially treated conservatively with topical and systemics antibiotics. Eventually, a forelimb amputation was required, due to the soft tissue necrosis. Pre-operative complete blood count, serum biochemistry and venous blood gas analysis showed mild changes, including anemia, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, and increases in blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase. The patient was stable before surgery but required a post-operative whole blood transfusion to treat severe anemia. A crossmatch test was performed to reduce the possibility of transfusion reaction. Despite both surgery and hemotherapy went as expected, approximately eight hours after the transfusion, the patient developed deterioration of all vital signs, including hypotension and severe hypoxemia, with PaO2 /FiO2 <126 and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) < 90% on room air. Thoracic radiographies showed mixed pattern of bilateral pulmonary infiltration. The patient’s condition worsened with signs of respiratory failure, cyanosis and severe hemodynamic impairment. There was no improvement after administration of furosemide, hydrocortisone, vasoactives, supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation.[...]

Acute Lung Injury Syndrome (TRALI) in a dog possibly triggered by blood transfusion

Background: Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are clinical syndromes, differing in severity, characterized by bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, usually associated with an underlying cause. Diagnosis is given by thoracic radiography and PaO2 /FiO2 ratio <300. The possible Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) occurs when ALI or ARDS signs (i.e. hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates) are found in patients without preexisting ALI that have received transfusion in the last 72 h. This case report describes a case of a canine patient that developed possible TRALI after a forelimb amputation and a whole blood transfusion.Case: A 10-year-old female dog, with necrotic and infected bite injuries on left forelimb was initially treated conservatively with topical and systemics antibiotics. Eventually, a forelimb amputation was required, due to the soft tissue necrosis. Pre-operative complete blood count, serum biochemistry and venous blood gas analysis showed mild changes, including anemia, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, and increases in blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase. The patient was stable before surgery but required a post-operative whole blood transfusion to treat severe anemia. A crossmatch test was performed to reduce the possibility of transfusion reaction. Despite both surgery and hemotherapy went as expected, approximately eight hours after the transfusion, the patient developed deterioration of all vital signs, including hypotension and severe hypoxemia, with PaO2 /FiO2 <126 and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) < 90% on room air. Thoracic radiographies showed mixed pattern of bilateral pulmonary infiltration. The patients condition worsened with signs of respiratory failure, cyanosis and severe hemodynamic impairment. There was no improvement after administration of furosemide, hydrocortisone, vasoactives, supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation.[...](AU)

Primary surgical repair of prostatic urethral rupture following multiple pelvic fracture in a dog

Abdominal urethral rupture commonly occurs in male dogs after traumatic pelvic fractures and can lead to uroperitoneum, causing peritonitis and azotemia. The primary complications of urethral damage include strictures, incontinence and innervation injury. Here, we describe a case report of prostatic urethral rupture, treated by primary suture repair, that yielded early healing and recovery in a ten-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog who visited our facility within 24 hours of being struck by a car. Positive contrast urethrocystography resulted in leakage of the contrast medium into the abdominal cavity in a point caudal to the urinary bladder. Additional radiography revealed multiple pelvic fractures. During surgery, we found a laceration of the right prostatic lobe causing urethral rupture. We performed a full thickness simple continue suture with 7-0 polyglactin 910 to reestablish urethral continuity. The prostate capsule was also sutured in a simple continue pattern. A previously placed indwelling urinary catheter was kept inside to divert urine flow. On the third postoperative day, the animal withdrew the urinary catheter and started to urinate by himself. The conservative treatment of pelvic fractures enabled complete return to function on the 55th day. One hundred and fifty days after the trauma, no evidence of urinary stricture or another clinical sign was observed. Urethral wounds can be treated surgically by primary suturing and urinary diversion. A short healing time was experienced, and the indwelling urinary catheter was removed three days after surgery since there was no more urine leakage and the animal began voiding normally.(AU)

Primary surgical repair of prostatic urethral rupture following multiple pelvic fracture in a dog

Abdominal urethral rupture commonly occurs in male dogs after traumatic pelvic fractures and can lead to uroperitoneum, causing peritonitis and azotemia. The primary complications of urethral damage include strictures, incontinence and innervation injury. Here, we describe a case report of prostatic urethral rupture, treated by primary suture repair, that yielded early healing and recovery in a ten-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog who visited our facility within 24 hours of being struck by a car. Positive contrast urethrocystography resulted in leakage of the contrast medium into the abdominal cavity in a point caudal to the urinary bladder. Additional radiography revealed multiple pelvic fractures. During surgery, we found a laceration of the right prostatic lobe causing urethral rupture. We performed a full thickness simple continue suture with 7-0 polyglactin 910 to reestablish urethral continuity. The prostate capsule was also sutured in a simple continue pattern. A previously placed indwelling urinary catheter was kept inside to divert urine flow. On the third postoperative day, the animal withdrew the urinary catheter and started to urinate by himself. The conservative treatment of pelvic fractures enabled complete return to function on the 55th day. One hundred and fifty days after the trauma, no evidence of urinary stricture or another clinical sign was observed. Urethral wounds can be treated surgically by primary suturing and urinary diversion. A short healing time was experienced, and the indwelling urinary catheter was removed three days after surgery since there was no more urine leakage and the animal began voiding normally.

Partial obstruction of the small intestine by a trichobezoar in a dog

Background: Bezoars are accumulations of foreign material and indigestible organic substances in the gastrointestinal tract. There are different classifications for bezoars based on its primary composition. The trichobezoars are concretions composed of hair or hair-like fibers and are often associated with trichophagia in humans. The obstruction by a trichobezoar occurring in the stomach, with its tail extending to or beyond the ileocecal valve or jejunum is rare in humans. This condition is called Rapunzel Syndrome. Obstruction by trichobezoar has been reported few times in cats and dogs. This paper aims to describe an uncommon clinical presentation of a young dog with partial obstruction of the small intestine by a trichobezoar. Case: A 2-year-old, 5.5 kg, intact male poodle was referred due to kyphosis and a history of pain in the thoracolumbar region for approximately 10 months. Physical examination revealed that the dog walked without any difficulty or ataxia, but had pain on palpation of the lumbar vertebral column. Thoracolumbar spine radiographies failed to show any sign of disease. Conservative therapy for intervertebral disk disease did not shown any improvement. In addition, the dog showed signs of pain on abdominal palpation and 18-month history of hyporexia, apathy and dark colored diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasonography detected a 5-cm intraluminal intestinal structure at the ileo-jejunal junction, forming an acoustic shadow, with focal thickening of the intestinal wall. Exploratory celiotomy followed by jejunal enterotomy revealed a trichobezoar consisting of undigested hair and textile fibers partially obstructing that segment. The intestinal wall in that region formed a sacculation, so a 5 cm jejunal resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Histopathology of this segment did not show any neoplastic formation. After 20 days of surgical procedure, no clinical […](AU)

Partial obstruction of the small intestine by a trichobezoar in a dog

Background: Bezoars are accumulations of foreign material and indigestible organic substances in the gastrointestinal tract. There are different classifications for bezoars based on its primary composition. The trichobezoars are concretions composed of hair or hair-like fibers and are often associated with trichophagia in humans. The obstruction by a trichobezoar occurring in the stomach, with its tail extending to or beyond the ileocecal valve or jejunum is rare in humans. This condition is called Rapunzel Syndrome. Obstruction by trichobezoar has been reported few times in cats and dogs. This paper aims to describe an uncommon clinical presentation of a young dog with partial obstruction of the small intestine by a trichobezoar. Case: A 2-year-old, 5.5 kg, intact male poodle was referred due to kyphosis and a history of pain in the thoracolumbar region for approximately 10 months. Physical examination revealed that the dog walked without any difficulty or ataxia, but had pain on palpation of the lumbar vertebral column. Thoracolumbar spine radiographies failed to show any sign of disease. Conservative therapy for intervertebral disk disease did not shown any improvement. In addition, the dog showed signs of pain on abdominal palpation and 18-month history of hyporexia, apathy and dark colored diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasonography detected a 5-cm intraluminal intestinal structure at the ileo-jejunal junction, forming an acoustic shadow, with focal thickening of the intestinal wall. Exploratory celiotomy followed by jejunal enterotomy revealed a trichobezoar consisting of undigested hair and textile fibers partially obstructing that segment. The intestinal wall in that region formed a sacculation, so a 5 cm jejunal resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Histopathology of this segment did not show any neoplastic formation. After 20 days of surgical procedure, no clinical […]

Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...

Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...(AU)

Traumatic spinal cord injury with Schiff-Sherrington posture and spontaneous resolution in a dog: MRI evaluation / Trauma medular com postura de schiff-sherrington e resolução espontânea em um cão: avaliação com ressonância magnética

The Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon is an extensor hypertonicity of the forelimbs that occurs when there is a severe injury in the thoracolumbar segment. A 4-years-old, intact female, mixed breed dog, presented with vehicle trauma history followed by non-ambulatory paraparesis, extensor rigidity of forelimb and allodynia pain sensation. Superficial pain sensation was decreased. The treatment was based on unique dose of dexamethasone followed by oral administration of meloxicam, tramadol hydrochloride, dypirone, omeprazole and, poly vitamin complex. Low field magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed hyperintensity signal between T12 and T13 on T2-wheighting image compatible with neuronal edema. In the day after, allodynia and extensor rigidity presented spontaneously resolution. At 10th day, return to voluntary ambulation without assistance. Schiff-Sherrington posture is usually associated with poor prognosis and grade V traumatic injury of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. We report a grade III traumatic spinal cord injury confirmed with MRI as only neuronal edema causing the posture. The Schiff-Sherrington posture often resolves spontaneously in 10-14 days, but neurological signs of trauma can persist. The conservative treatment proposed was efficient, promoting forelimb recovery on the day after and total recovery of motor function in 10 days.(AU)

O fenômeno Schiff-Sherrington é a hipertonicidade extensores dos membros torácicos que ocorre quando há lesão severa do seguimento de medula espinhal toracolombar. Uma canina, fêmea, sem raça definida de 4 anos de idade foi apresentada após trauma por automóvel seguido de paraparesia não ambulatória, rigidez extensora dos membros torácicos e sensação dolorosa classificada como alodinia. A dor superficial estava diminuída. O tratamento se baseou na administração única de dexametasona seguida da prescrição de meloxicam, cloridrato de tramadol, dipirona, omeprazol e complexos vitamínicos. A ressonância magnética de baixo campo demonstrou hiperintesidade de sinal entre T12 e T13 nas sequencias ponderadas em T2, o que é compatível com edema neuronal. No dia seguinte, alodinia e a rigidez extensora apresentaram resolução espontânea. No 10º dia, houve retorno a deambulação voluntária sem assistência. A postura de Schiff-Sherington está geralmente associada a prognóstico ruim e lesões traumáticas grau V da medula espinhal toracolombar. Relata-se uma lesão medular traumática grau III confirmada por ressonância magnética somente como edema neuronal levando à posição. A postura de Schiff-Sherrington frequentemente se resolve espontaneamente em 10- 14 dias, mas sinais neurológicos podem persistir. O tratamento conservativo proposto foi eficiente, promovendo recuperação dos membros torácicos no dia seguinte e a recuperação total da função motora em 10 dias.(AU)

Traumatic spinal cord injury with Schiff-Sherrington posture and spontaneous resolution in a dog: MRI evaluation / Trauma medular com postura de schiff-sherrington e resolução espontânea em um cão: avaliação com ressonância magnética

The Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon is an extensor hypertonicity of the forelimbs that occurs when there is a severe injury in the thoracolumbar segment. A 4-years-old, intact female, mixed breed dog, presented with vehicle trauma history followed by non-ambulatory paraparesis, extensor rigidity of forelimb and allodynia pain sensation. Superficial pain sensation was decreased. The treatment was based on unique dose of dexamethasone followed by oral administration of meloxicam, tramadol hydrochloride, dypirone, omeprazole and, poly vitamin complex. Low field magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed hyperintensity signal between T12 and T13 on T2-wheighting image compatible with neuronal edema. In the day after, allodynia and extensor rigidity presented spontaneously resolution. At 10th day, return to voluntary ambulation without assistance. Schiff-Sherrington posture is usually associated with poor prognosis and grade V traumatic injury of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. We report a grade III traumatic spinal cord injury confirmed with MRI as only neuronal edema causing the posture. The Schiff-Sherrington posture often resolves spontaneously in 10-14 days, but neurological signs of trauma can persist. The conservative treatment proposed was efficient, promoting forelimb recovery on the day after and total recovery of motor function in 10 days.

O fenômeno Schiff-Sherrington é a hipertonicidade extensores dos membros torácicos que ocorre quando há lesão severa do seguimento de medula espinhal toracolombar. Uma canina, fêmea, sem raça definida de 4 anos de idade foi apresentada após trauma por automóvel seguido de paraparesia não ambulatória, rigidez extensora dos membros torácicos e sensação dolorosa classificada como alodinia. A dor superficial estava diminuída. O tratamento se baseou na administração única de dexametasona seguida da prescrição de meloxicam, cloridrato de tramadol, dipirona, omeprazol e complexos vitamínicos. A ressonância magnética de baixo campo demonstrou hiperintesidade de sinal entre T12 e T13 nas sequencias ponderadas em T2, o que é compatível com edema neuronal. No dia seguinte, alodinia e a rigidez extensora apresentaram resolução espontânea. No 10º dia, houve retorno a deambulação voluntária sem assistência. A postura de Schiff-Sherington está geralmente associada a prognóstico ruim e lesões traumáticas grau V da medula espinhal toracolombar. Relata-se uma lesão medular traumática grau III confirmada por ressonância magnética somente como edema neuronal levando à posição. A postura de Schiff-Sherrington frequentemente se resolve espontaneamente em 10- 14 dias, mas sinais neurológicos podem persistir. O tratamento conservativo proposto foi eficiente, promovendo recuperação dos membros torácicos no dia seguinte e a recuperação total da função motora em 10 dias.