Sinonasal osteosarcoma in a horse

Background: Osteosarcomas are common malignant bone tumors described in dogs, humans and cats. However, thereare rare reports in horses. The tumor etiology has not been fully elucidated. Clinical signs are associated to the tumorsize, location and growth characteristics. When located on the face, the most common findings are facial distortion, nasaldischarge and inspiratory dyspnea. The aim of this study was to report an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a horse, located onthe right maxillary region with projections into the corresponding nostril.Case: A 6-year-old mixbreed saddle gelding, presenting bay coat was admitted to a University Hospital with a chronicsinusitis history. The animal was previously examined and treated by other veterinarians, who suspected of odontogenicmaxillary sinusitis, and therefore a repulsion of the fourth premolar from the right maxilla hemiarcade was performed.However, an improvement of the clinical signs was not observed and subsequently the gelding was referred to a VeterinaryHospital. During physical examination the patient presented dyspnea, tachypnea and tachycardia. An increase on the facesize was observed, together with a fetid and purulent nasal discharge. During oral cavity inspection, a diagonal wear wasdetected at the occlusal surface of the right hemiarcade; food accumulation was seen at the dental extraction site, and acommunication with the rostral maxillary sinus was evidenced, from where a purulent fetid discharge was draining. At theradiographic exam, well defined margins of a tumor were observed, with adjacent bone lysis and the presence of a centralnucleus showing a gross granular mineral radiopacity, distorting the frontal and nasal bones. During the endoscopic exam,a mass partially occluding the right nasal cavity close to the nasal opening was seen, which was blocking the progressionof the endoscopy. However, during the left cavity inspection, at the end of the nasal septum a mass...(AU)

Sinonasal osteosarcoma in a horse

Background: Osteosarcomas are common malignant bone tumors described in dogs, humans and cats. However, thereare rare reports in horses. The tumor etiology has not been fully elucidated. Clinical signs are associated to the tumorsize, location and growth characteristics. When located on the face, the most common findings are facial distortion, nasaldischarge and inspiratory dyspnea. The aim of this study was to report an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a horse, located onthe right maxillary region with projections into the corresponding nostril.Case: A 6-year-old mixbreed saddle gelding, presenting bay coat was admitted to a University Hospital with a chronicsinusitis history. The animal was previously examined and treated by other veterinarians, who suspected of odontogenicmaxillary sinusitis, and therefore a repulsion of the fourth premolar from the right maxilla hemiarcade was performed.However, an improvement of the clinical signs was not observed and subsequently the gelding was referred to a VeterinaryHospital. During physical examination the patient presented dyspnea, tachypnea and tachycardia. An increase on the facesize was observed, together with a fetid and purulent nasal discharge. During oral cavity inspection, a diagonal wear wasdetected at the occlusal surface of the right hemiarcade; food accumulation was seen at the dental extraction site, and acommunication with the rostral maxillary sinus was evidenced, from where a purulent fetid discharge was draining. At theradiographic exam, well defined margins of a tumor were observed, with adjacent bone lysis and the presence of a centralnucleus showing a gross granular mineral radiopacity, distorting the frontal and nasal bones. During the endoscopic exam,a mass partially occluding the right nasal cavity close to the nasal opening was seen, which was blocking the progressionof the endoscopy. However, during the left cavity inspection, at the end of the nasal septum a mass...

Stryphnodendron adstringens and purified tannin on Pythium insidiosum: in vitro and in vivo studies.

BACKGROUND: Pythium insidiosum is the etiological agent of pythiosis, an emerging life-threatening infectious disease in tropical and subtropical regions. The pathogen is a fungus-like organism resistant to antifungal therapy, for this reason, most cases need extensive surgical debridments as treatment, but depending on the size and anatomical region of the lesion, such approach is unfeasible. We investigate the fungicidal effect and toxicity of crude bark extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens and commercially available tannin on Pythium insidiosum both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Standardized fragments of mycelia of fifteen isolates of P. insidiosum were tested with different concentrations of bark extract (10 to 30% v/v) and tannin (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/mL). For in vivo study, fifteen rabbits were experimentally infected with zoospores of P. insidiosum and treated by oral and intralesional applications of bark extract and tannin. Acute toxicity tests with both substances were also performed in rats. RESULTS: In vitro studies showed fungicidal effect for both substances at different concentrations and the SEM showed alteration on the cell wall surface of the pathogen. All infected rabbits developed a firm nodular mass that reached around 90 mm2 ninety days after inoculation, but neither the intralesional inoculation of tannin, nor the oral administration of crude extract and tannin were able to promote remission of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions developed by rabbits presented an encapsulated abscess being quite different of naturally acquired pythiosis, which is characterized by ulcerated lesions. Since no toxicity was observed in rats or rabbits inoculated with these products, while in vitro experiments showed direct antifungal effect, therapeutic activity of S. adstringens and tannin should be clinically tested as an alternative for healing wounds in naturally acquired pythiosis.

Remanente de saco vitelino / Remaining of the yolk sac / emanescente

Ocurrencia de un remanente de saco vitelino descrito por evaluación macroscópica, radiográfica, ecográfica, tomografía computarizada y histológica del material obtenido de la placenta de una yegua Puro Sangre después del nacimiento del potro viable.

It was described the occurrence of yolk sac remnant with macroscopic, radiographic, ultrasonographic, tomographic and histologic evaluation of the material obtained from the placenta of a Thoroughbred mare after delivery of a viable foal.

Ocorrência de remanescente de saco vitelínico descrito por avaliação macroscópica, radiográfica, ultrassonográfica, tomográfica e histológica do material obtido da placenta de uma égua Puro Sangue Inglês após o parto de um potro viável.

Remanente de saco vitelino / Remaining of the yolk sac / Saco vitelínico remanescente

Ocurrencia de un remanente de saco vitelino descrito por evaluación macroscópica,radiográfica, ecográfica, tomografía computarizada y histológica del material obtenido de laplacenta de una yegua Puro Sangre después del nacimiento del potro viable.

It was described the occurrence of yolk sac remnant with macroscopic, radiographic,ultrasonographic, tomographic and histologic evaluation of the material obtained from theplacenta of a Thoroughbred mare after delivery of a viable foal.

Ocorrência de remanescente de saco vitelínico descrito por avaliação macroscópica,radiográfica, ultrassonográfica, tomográfica e histológica do material obtido da placenta deuma égua Puro Sangue Inglês após o parto de um potro viável.

Remanente de saco vitelino / Remaining of the yolk sac / emanescente

Ocurrencia de un remanente de saco vitelino descrito por evaluación macroscópica, radiográfica, ecográfica, tomografía computarizada y histológica del material obtenido de la placenta de una yegua Puro Sangre después del nacimiento del potro viable.(AU)

It was described the occurrence of yolk sac remnant with macroscopic, radiographic, ultrasonographic, tomographic and histologic evaluation of the material obtained from the placenta of a Thoroughbred mare after delivery of a viable foal.(AU)

Ocorrência de remanescente de saco vitelínico descrito por avaliação macroscópica, radiográfica, ultrassonográfica, tomográfica e histológica do material obtido da placenta de uma égua Puro Sangue Inglês após o parto de um potro viável.(AU)

Undifferentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma of clear cells associated to hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog

Background: Most of the primary pulmonary tumors in dogs are malignant and from epithelial origin, being bronchioalveolar tumors more prevalent. Adenocarcinoma of clear cells, however, is a very rare pulmonary tumor and its origin is still unknown. It is related to several clinical abnormalities, including hypertrophic osteopathy, an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by a periosteal reaction along the shaft of long bones. Because of the unusual presentation of the pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the aim of this study was to describe the radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of a dog afflicted with hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to an undifferentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma of clear cells. Case: A 12-year-old, 45 kg, not castrated male Great Dane dog was presented with painful swelling of all four limbs and moderate respiratory distress. Radiographic examination and computed tomography of the limbs showed palisade-like periosteal bone proliferation involving radius, ulna, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metacarpal, metatarsal and digits, suggesting hypertrophic osteopathy. Radiographic examination and computed tomography of the lungs also showed a round mass well delimited localized in the right diaphragmatic lobe. A lobectomy of the right diaphragmatic lobe and partial lobectomy of accessory lobe were performed. A poorly different...(AU)

Undifferentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma of clear cells associated to hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog

Background: Most of the primary pulmonary tumors in dogs are malignant and from epithelial origin, being bronchioalveolar tumors more prevalent. Adenocarcinoma of clear cells, however, is a very rare pulmonary tumor and its origin is still unknown. It is related to several clinical abnormalities, including hypertrophic osteopathy, an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by a periosteal reaction along the shaft of long bones. Because of the unusual presentation of the pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the aim of this study was to describe the radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of a dog afflicted with hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to an undifferentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma of clear cells. Case: A 12-year-old, 45 kg, not castrated male Great Dane dog was presented with painful swelling of all four limbs and moderate respiratory distress. Radiographic examination and computed tomography of the limbs showed palisade-like periosteal bone proliferation involving radius, ulna, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metacarpal, metatarsal and digits, suggesting hypertrophic osteopathy. Radiographic examination and computed tomography of the lungs also showed a round mass well delimited localized in the right diaphragmatic lobe. A lobectomy of the right diaphragmatic lobe and partial lobectomy of accessory lobe were performed. A poorly different...

PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS IN A CAT / PÊNFIGO FOLIÁCEO EM UM FELINO: RELATO DE CASO

Pemphigus foliaceus is one of the most important immune-mediated bullous dermatoses in dogs and cats. The pathogenesis of the disease is well documented in humans and dogs and it is suggested its behavior in felines is similar, characterized by the production of antibodies directed against structures responsible for the maintenance of intercellular adhesion. Although there are reports of several treatment options described in literature for this dermatopathy, most have not been used in studies involving an increased number of animals. Here, we report a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a cat which responded favorably to the treatment used.

O pênfigo foliáceo é uma das formas mais importantes de dermatoses imunomediadas bolhosas em cães e gatos. A patogênese da doença está bem documentada em humanos e cães e sugere-se que em felinos o comportamento seja similar, caracterizado pela produção de anticorpos direcionados contras estruturas responsáveis pela manutenção da adesão intercelular. Embora haja relatos de diversas opções de tratamento descritos na literatura para esta dermatopatia, a maioria não foi utilizada em estudos envolvendo um grande número de animais. Descreve-se um caso de pênfigo foliáceo em um gato que respondeu satisfatoriamente ao tratamento utilizado.

Penfigo foliaceo em um felino: relato de caso / Pemphigus foliaceus in a cat: case report / Pénfigo foliáceo en un gato: reporte de un caso

O pênfigo foliáceo é uma das formas mais importantes de dermatoses imunomediadas vesico-pustulosas em cães e gatos. A patogênese da doença está bem documentada em humanos e cães e sugere-se que em felinos o comportamento seja similar, caracterizado pela produção de anticorpos direcionados contra estruturas responsáveis pela manutenção da adesão intercelular. Embora haja relatos de diversas opções de tratamento descritos na literatura para esta dermatopatia, a maioria não foi utilizada em estudos envolvendo um grande número de animais. Descreve-se um caso de pênfigo foliáceo em um gato que respondeu satisfatoriamente apenas à corticoterapia e sem apresentar efeitos adversos.

Pemphigus foliaceus is one of the most important immune-mediated dermatoses in dogs and cats. The pathogenesis of the disease is well documented in humans and dogs and it is suggested its behavior in felines is similar, characterized by the production of antibodies directed against structures responsible for the maintenance of intercellular adhesion. Although there are reports of several treatment options described in literature for this dermatopathy, most have not been used in studies involving an increased number of animals. Here, we report a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a cat which responded favorably only to corticosteroids and without presenting adverse effects.

Pénfigo foliáceo es una de las formas más importantes de dermatosis mediada por la inmunidad en perros y gatos. La patogénesis de la enfermedad está bien documentada en seres humanos y perros, y se sugiere que el comportamiento en los gatos es similar, caracterizada por la producción de anticuerpos dirigidos contra las estructuras responsables del mantenimiento de la adesión intercelular. Aunque hay informes de diversas opciones de tratamiento descritos en la literatura para este dermatopatía más, no se han utilizado en estudios que implican un gran número de animales. Se describe un caso de pénfigo foliáceo en un gato que respondió satisfactoriamente sólo a los corticosteroides y sin presentar efectos adversos.

Evolution of tibial Chondrosarcoma in a dog / Evolução do condrossarcoma em tíbia de cão

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that generally develops slowly and has a low incidence of metastasis. It was related in dogs, but rarely in small or giant breeds. The most common site of skeletal chondrossarcoma in dogs is the nasal cavity. The lungs are the most common site of metastatic disease, but other organs may be affected. Chondrosarcoma may be classifi ed into primary or secondary according to location in bone, and histologically into mesenchymal and myxoid subtypes. Thus, this study reports the evolution of an uncommon case of chondrossarcoma in a dogs tibia. Case: A 1.4-year-old dog, 58 kg intact-male Brazilian Mastiff was admitted to the veterinary hospital due to lameness and swelling of the stifl e region present for 20 days. Radiographic examination showed lytic bone lesions in the proximal third of the right tibia with periosteal reaction, suggestive of bone tumor. Cytological examination revealed infl ammatory process indicative of acute periostitis. The clinical signs improved after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory (meloxicam, 0.1 mg/kg orally every 24 h) and analgesic (tramadol hydrochloride, 2 mg/kg orally every 8 h) drugs. However, eight months after the initial presentation, the dog had a recurrence of the lameness, and increase in volume and crepitus on palpation of the right knee. Radiographic exami

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that generally develops slowly and has a low incidence of metastasis. It was related in dogs, but rarely in small or giant breeds. The most common site of skeletal chondrossarcoma in dogs is the nasal cavity. The lungs are the most common site of metastatic disease, but other organs may be affected. Chondrosarcoma may be classifi ed into primary or secondary according to location in bone, and histologically into mesenchymal and myxoid subtypes. Thus, this study reports the evolution of an uncommon case of chondrossarcoma in a dogs tibia. Case: A 1.4-year-old dog, 58 kg intact-male Brazilian Mastiff was admitted to the veterinary hospital due to lameness and swelling of the stifl e region present for 20 days. Radiographic examination showed lytic bone lesions in the proximal third of the right tibia with periosteal reaction, suggestive of bone tumor. Cytological examination revealed infl ammatory process indicative of acute periostitis. The clinical signs improved after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory (meloxicam, 0.1 mg/kg orally every 24 h) and analgesic (tramadol hydrochloride, 2 mg/kg orally every 8 h) drugs. However, eight months after the initial presentation, the dog had a recurrence of the lameness, and increase in volume and crepitus on palpation of the right knee. Radiographic exami

Evolução do condrossarcoma em tíbia de cão / Evolution of Tibial Chondrosarcoma in a Dog

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that generally develops slowly and has a low incidence of metastasis. It was related in dogs, but rarely in small or giant breeds. The most common site of skeletal chondrossarcoma in dogs is the nasal cavity. The lungs are the most common site of metastatic disease, but other organs may be affected. Chondrosarcoma may be classified into primary or secondary according to location in bone, and histologically into mesenchymal and myxoid subtypes. Thus, this study reports the evolution of an uncommon case of chondrossarcoma in a dog's tibia. Case: A 1.4-year-old dog, 58 kg intact-male Brazilian Mastiff was admitted to the veterinary hospital due to lameness and swelling of the stifle region present for 20 days. Radiographic examination showed lytic bone lesions in the proximal third of the right tibia with periosteal reaction, suggestive of bone tumor. Cytological examination revealed inflammatory process indicative of acute periostitis. The clinical signs improved after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (meloxicam, 0.1 mg/kg orally every 24 h) and analgesic (tramadol hydrochloride, 2 mg/kg orally every 8 h) drugs. However, eight months after the initial presentation, the dog had a recurrence of the lameness, and increase in volume and crepitus on palpation of the right knee. Radiographic examination showed cystic lesion located in proximal tibial epiphysis. After curettage of the lesion, the defect was fi lled with calcium phosphate biomaterial. Cephalexin (30 mg/kg every 12 h orally for 10 days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg orally every 24 h for 15 days) and chondroitin sulphate (1000 mg orally each 12 h per 30 days) were prescribed postoperatively. The animal showed improvement. At one year after surgery, the dog was presented due progressive weight loss and intermittent lameness of the right hind limb observed for approximately two months. On palpation of the right knee was painful sensitivity and it had a cutaneous nodule three inches. Radiographic examination showed extensive radiolucent cystic area with bone remodeling and periosteal proliferation of the medial aspect of the proximal third of the right tibia. Computed Tomography (CT) demonstrated bone destruction in the proximal portion of the tibia with areas of bone lysis and proliferative irregular reaction, irregular hyperdensity in the medullary region of the right tibia extending to the distal portion of the tibial tuberosity associated with the presence of proliferative periosteal reaction adjacent the bony surfaces, and atrophy of muscles of right hindlimb. Both exams suggested a bone tumor, and bone biopsy was done. The diagnosis was chondrosarcoma. The owner did not authorize the hind limb amputation. Discussion: The diagnosis of chondrosarcoma is based on clinical signs, orthopedic examination findings, radiographic and CT appearance, and cytology. However, definite diagnosis may be obtained only by histopathological examination. Fine needle aspiration samples may contain few cells, and presence of inflammatory process may interfere in diagnosis, as observed in the present case. The tumor is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, surgical removal can be curative, depending upon the location of the chondrosarcoma. Unfortunately, the owner was reluctant to proceed with limb amputation, and the dog was euthanatized after three months of the last evaluation.

Evolution of tibial Chondrosarcoma in a dog / Evolução do condrossarcoma em tíbia de cão

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that generally develops slowly and has a low incidence of metastasis. It was related in dogs, but rarely in small or giant breeds. The most common site of skeletal chondrossarcoma in dogs is the nasal cavity. The lungs are the most common site of metastatic disease, but other organs may be affected. Chondrosarcoma may be classifi ed into primary or secondary according to location in bone, and histologically into mesenchymal and myxoid subtypes. Thus, this study reports the evolution of an uncommon case of chondrossarcoma in a dogs tibia. Case: A 1.4-year-old dog, 58 kg intact-male Brazilian Mastiff was admitted to the veterinary hospital due to lameness and swelling of the stifl e region present for 20 days. Radiographic examination showed lytic bone lesions in the proximal third of the right tibia with periosteal reaction, suggestive of bone tumor. Cytological examination revealed infl ammatory process indicative of acute periostitis. The clinical signs improved after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory (meloxicam, 0.1 mg/kg orally every 24 h) and analgesic (tramadol hydrochloride, 2 mg/kg orally every 8 h) drugs. However, eight months after the initial presentation, the dog had a recurrence of the lameness, and increase in volume and crepitus on palpation of the right knee. Radiographic exami

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that generally develops slowly and has a low incidence of metastasis. It was related in dogs, but rarely in small or giant breeds. The most common site of skeletal chondrossarcoma in dogs is the nasal cavity. The lungs are the most common site of metastatic disease, but other organs may be affected. Chondrosarcoma may be classifi ed into primary or secondary according to location in bone, and histologically into mesenchymal and myxoid subtypes. Thus, this study reports the evolution of an uncommon case of chondrossarcoma in a dogs tibia. Case: A 1.4-year-old dog, 58 kg intact-male Brazilian Mastiff was admitted to the veterinary hospital due to lameness and swelling of the stifl e region present for 20 days. Radiographic examination showed lytic bone lesions in the proximal third of the right tibia with periosteal reaction, suggestive of bone tumor. Cytological examination revealed infl ammatory process indicative of acute periostitis. The clinical signs improved after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory (meloxicam, 0.1 mg/kg orally every 24 h) and analgesic (tramadol hydrochloride, 2 mg/kg orally every 8 h) drugs. However, eight months after the initial presentation, the dog had a recurrence of the lameness, and increase in volume and crepitus on palpation of the right knee. Radiographic exami

Prevention of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats using acetylcysteine after anesthesia with isoflurane.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine, as a renoprotective agent, when administered early after anesthesia induction, against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats anesthetized with isoflurane. METHODS: Eighteen male Wistar rats weighing > 300 g were anesthetized with isoflurane. The internal jugular vein and the left carotid artery were dissected and cannulated. The animals were randomly divided into GAcetyl, receiving intravenous N-acetylcysteine, 300 mg/kg, and GIsot, isotonic saline. After 30 minutes, right nephrectomy was performed and the left renal artery was clamped during 45 minutes. The animals were sacrificed after 48 hours and blood samples were taken after anesthetic induction and upon sacrificing of the animals to evaluate blood creatinine. The kidneys were sent for histological analysis. RESULTS: The variation in serum creatinine was 2.33 mg/dL ± 2.21 in GAcetyl and 4.38 mg/dL ± 2.13 in GIsot (p=0.074). Two animals presented intense tubular necrosis in GAcetyl, compared to 5 in GIsot. Only GAcetyl presented animals free of tubular necrosis (two) and tubular degeneration (one). CONCLUSION: After renal ischemia/reperfusion, the rats which were given N-acetylcysteine presented less variation in serum creatinine and milder kidney injuries than the control group.

Mycobacterium DNA detection in liver and skin of a horse with generalized sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a rare equine skin disease characterized primarily by an exfoliative and granulomatous dermatitis but also presenting granulomatous inflammation of multiple systems. The current report presents the clinical and histopathological findings of sarcoidosis in a 16-year-old American Quarter Horse gelding with nested polymerase chain reaction Mycobacterium spp. DNA detection within hepatic and skin samples. Mycobacterium spp. may play a role in the pathogenesis of equine sarcoidosis as has been proposed for human sarcoidosis.

Prevention of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats using acetylcysteine after anesthesia with isoflurane / Prevenção de lesão de isquemia/reperfusão em ratos com acetilcisteína após anestesia com isoflurano

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine, as a renoprotective agent, when administered early after anesthesia induction, against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats anesthetized with isoflurane. METHODS: Eighteen male Wistar rats weighing > 300g were anesthetized with isoflurane. The internal jugular vein and the left carotid artery were dissected and cannulated. The animals were randomly divided into GAcetyl, receiving intravenous N-acetylcysteine, 300mg/kg, and GIsot, isotonic saline. After 30 minutes, right nephrectomy was performed and the left renal artery was clamped during 45 minutes. The animals were sacrificed after 48 hours and blood samples were taken after anesthetic induction and upon sacrificing of the animals to evaluate blood creatinine. The kidneys were sent for histological analysis. RESULTS: The variation in serum creatinine was 2.33mg/dL ± 2.21 in GAcetyl and 4.38mg/dL ± 2.13 in GIsot (p=0.074). Two animals presented intense tubular necrosis in GAcetyl, compared to 5 in GIsot. Only GAcetyl presented animals free of tubular necrosis (two) and tubular degeneration (one). CONCLUSION: After renal ischemia/reperfusion, the rats which were given N-acetylcysteine presented less variation in serum creatinine and milder kidney injuries than the control group.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da N-acetilcisteína na proteção renal contra lesão de isquemia/reperfusão, quando administrada logo após a indução anestésica, em ratos anestesiados com isoflurano. MÉTODOS: Dezoito ratos Wistar machos pesando mais que 300g foram anestesiados com isoflurano. A jugular interna direita e a carótida esquerda foram dissecadas e canuladas. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em GAcetil, recebendo N-acetilcisteína por via intravenosa, 300mg/kg, e GIsot, solução salina. Foi realizada nefrectomia direita e clampeamento da artéria renal esquerda por 45 min. Os animais foram sacrificados após 48h, sendo colhidas amostras sanguíneas após a indução anestésica e ao sacrifício dos mesmos para avaliar a creatinina sérica. Realizou-se histologia renal. RESULTADOS: A variação da creatinina foi 2,33mg/dL ± 2,21 no GAcetil e 4,38mg/dL ± 2,13 no GIsot (p=0,074). Dois animais apresentaram necrose tubular intensa no GAcetil, comparados a cinco no GIsot. Apenas GAcetil apresentou animais livres de necrose tubular (dois) e degeneração tubular (um). CONCLUSÃO: Após isquemia/reperfusão renais, os ratos aos quais se administrou N-acetilcisteína apresentaram menor variação na creatinina sérica e lesões renais mais leves que o grupo controle.

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos da hipersensibilidade à picada de insetos em equinos / Clinical and histopathological aspects of the insect bite hypersensitivity in horses

Foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos da hipersensibilidade à picada de insetos (HSPI) em equinos. Para isso, foram selecionados 12 cavalos em que a suspeita clínica de HSPI foi confirmada através do exame histopatológico da pele. Os 12 animais eram provenientes de dez haras localizados em diferentes municípios do estado de São Paulo. Os principais achados clínicos incluíam prurido intenso, alopecia e sinais de irritabilidade. As lesões eram difusas e predominantemente dorsais sendo a crina, a cauda e a face geralmente acometidas. Histologicamente evidenciou-se dermatite perivascular linfo-histiocítica e eosinofílica. Outros achados incluíam hiperceratose ortoceratótica, acantose e espongiose. Pode-se concluir que o diagnóstico de HSPI em equinos pode ser realizado através da associação dos dados clínico-epidemiológicos com os achados histopatológicos.

In this study, the clinical and histopathological aspects of insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) were assessed in horses. For this purpose, 12 horses with histopathologically confirmed cases of IBH of the skin were selected. The 12 animals were from 10 stud farms located in different municipalities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The main clinical findings included severe pruritus, alopecia and signs of irritability. The lesions were diffuse and predominantly dorsal, with the mane, tail and face most commonly affected. Histologically, perivascular lympho-histiocytic and eosinophilic dermatitis were also evident. Other findings included orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and spongiosis. Thus, it was concluded that IBH could be diagnosed in horses through the combined use of clinical and epidemiological data and histopathological findings.

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos da hipersensibilidade à picada de insetos em equinos / Clinical and histopathological aspects of the insect bite hypersensitivity in horses

Foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos da hipersensibilidade à picada de insetos (HSPI) em equinos. Para isso, foram selecionados 12 cavalos em que a suspeita clínica de HSPI foi confirmada através do exame histopatológico da pele. Os 12 animais eram provenientes de dez haras localizados em diferentes municípios do estado de São Paulo. Os principais achados clínicos incluíam prurido intenso, alopecia e sinais de irritabilidade. As lesões eram difusas e predominantemente dorsais sendo a crina, a cauda e a face geralmente acometidas. Histologicamente evidenciou-se dermatite perivascular linfo-histiocítica e eosinofílica. Outros achados incluíam hiperceratose ortoceratótica, acantose e espongiose. Pode-se concluir que o diagnóstico de HSPI em equinos pode ser realizado através da associação dos dados clínico-epidemiológicos com os achados histopatológicos.

In this study, the clinical and histopathological aspects of insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) were assessed in horses. For this purpose, 12 horses with histopathologically confirmed cases of IBH of the skin were selected. The 12 animals were from 10 stud farms located in different municipalities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The main clinical findings included severe pruritus, alopecia and signs of irritability. The lesions were diffuse and predominantly dorsal, with the mane, tail and face most commonly affected. Histologically, perivascular lympho-histiocytic and eosinophilic dermatitis were also evident. Other findings included orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and spongiosis. Thus, it was concluded that IBH could be diagnosed in horses through the combined use of clinical and epidemiological data and histopathological findings.

Prevention of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats using acetylcysteine after anesthesia with isoflurane / Prevenção de lesão de isquemia/reperfusão em ratos com acetilcisteína após anestesia com isoflurano

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine, as a renoprotective agent, when administered early after anesthesia induction, against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats anesthetized with isoflurane. METHODS: Eighteen male Wistar rats weighing > 300g were anesthetized with isoflurane. The internal jugular vein and the left carotid artery were dissected and cannulated. The animals were randomly divided into GAcetyl, receiving intravenous N-acetylcysteine, 300mg/kg, and GIsot, isotonic saline. After 30 minutes, right nephrectomy was performed and the left renal artery was clamped during 45 minutes. The animals were sacrificed after 48 hours and blood samples were taken after anesthetic induction and upon sacrificing of the animals to evaluate blood creatinine. The kidneys were sent for histological analysis. RESULTS: The variation in serum creatinine was 2.33mg/dL ± 2.21 in GAcetyl and 4.38mg/dL ± 2.13 in GIsot (p=0.074). Two animals presented intense tubular necrosis in GAcetyl, compared to 5 in GIsot. Only GAcetyl presented animals free of tubular necrosis (two) and tubular degeneration (one). CONCLUSION: After renal ischemia/reperfusion, the rats which were given N-acetylcysteine presented less variation in serum creatinine and milder kidney injuries than the control group.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da N-acetilcisteína na proteção renal contra lesão de isquemia/reperfusão, quando administrada logo após a indução anestésica, em ratos anestesiados com isoflurano. MÉTODOS: Dezoito ratos Wistar machos pesando mais que 300g foram anestesiados com isoflurano. A jugular interna direita e a carótida esquerda foram dissecadas e canuladas. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em GAcetil, recebendo N-acetilcisteína por via intravenosa, 300mg/kg, e GIsot, solução salina. Foi realizada nefrectomia direita e clampeamento da artéria renal esquerda por 45 min. Os animais foram sacrificados após 48h, sendo colhidas amostras sanguíneas após a indução anestésica e ao sacrifício dos mesmos para avaliar a creatinina sérica. Realizou-se histologia renal. RESULTADOS: A variação da creatinina foi 2,33mg/dL ± 2,21 no GAcetil e 4,38mg/dL ± 2,13 no GIsot (p=0,074). Dois animais apresentaram necrose tubular intensa no GAcetil, comparados a cinco no GIsot. Apenas GAcetil apresentou animais livres de necrose tubular (dois) e degeneração tubular (um). CONCLUSÃO: Após isquemia/reperfusão renais, os ratos aos quais se administrou N-acetilcisteína apresentaram menor variação na creatinina sérica e lesões renais mais leves que o grupo controle.(AU)