[An innovational model of elite tuition of students motivated towards scientific research activity].

Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy has accumulated almost 20-year positive experience in the work of the faculty training research and educational staff. The functioning of such a faculty perfects the original elite system for training research and educational staff at the undergraduate stage of medical education. Search for and introduction of innovational technologies to the educational process to train a new generation of researchers for biomedical science and universities is constantly carried out. The system favors the providence of medical schools, scientific and practical medical institutions with qualified staff, as well as the integration of Russian education into the European system of medical education.

[The integrative activity of cortical neurons in the systemic organization of feeding behavior]. / Integrativnaia deiatel'nost' krokovykh neironov v sistemnoi organizatsii pishchevogo povedeniia.

Unit activity of neurons in the visual and parietal brain cortical areas was recorded in cats in the course of feeding behavior. The cells had individual discharge patterns at successive stages of behavior. Rearrangements of patterns in the cortical areas under study depended on modality of a conditioned stimulus, feeding motivation level, and efficiency of the obtaining of intermediate results of behavioral acts. The distribution of impulse flow at the nerve cell axon reflects the dynamics of its integrative activity determined by preceding state of the neuron and current synaptic activation against the background of development of key mechanisms of the functional system of the behavioral act.

[Change in integrative states of cortical neurons at consecutive stages of systemic behavior pattern]. / Smena integrativnykh sostoianii korkovykh neironov na posledovatel'nykh stadiakh sistemnoi organizatsii povedeniia.

Cats were trained to press the level after sound conditional stimulus. The spike activity of visual and parietal cortex neurons was registered during this operant feeding behavior, bring activity patterns were individual and their reorganization was observed during interstimulus non-reinforced pressings of the lever and this corresponded to prolongation of a manipulation-reinforcement interval. Thus, the firing pattern reflects the functional state of the neuron and its synaptic activation; the changes in spike activity reflect the alterations in the neuronal integrative state.

[The reflection in the neuronal activity of the brain of the systemic mechanisms of instrumental behavior]. / Otrazhenie v deiatel'nosti neironov mozga sistemnykh mekhanizmov instrumental'nogo povedeniia.

Changes of unit activity in the somatosensory, associative, and visual cortical areas were studied in cats during the conditioned operant feeding behaviour. Comparative analysis showed that 71.4% of the neurons in the associative cortical area increased their activity when a conditioned stimulus was switched on; 75.8% of the visual cortex neurons were activated as the cat pressed the lever; 82.5% of the cells in the somatosensory and 75.8% of the cells in the visual cortical areas increased their discharge activity at the moment when milk appeared in the cup; 75.8% of the cells in the visual cortical area lowered their activity during lapping. Reorganization of the discharge activity of the studied neurons reflected the integration that assembled during the preliminary training of the animal. Patterns of spike activity of the cells during the realization of the program of action and achieving the reinforcement were determined by perception of the parameters of the intermediate and end results.

[Reactions of visual cortex neurons to painful stimulation]. / Reaktsii neironov zritel'noi kory na bolevoe razdrazhenie.

Responses of 18 neurones of the first cortical projection visual area to photic and nociceptive stimulation (plunging of a paw into hot water) were studied in immobilized cats. The increase in blood pressure recorded in the femoral artery served as index of pain response. During plunging the paw into hot water 14 neurones showed an increase in the frequency of spike activity by 3 times as compared to the background. The changes in spike activity preceded the increase in the arterial pressure by 1-2 sec. 12 out of 14 neurones also responded to a photic stimulus. After administration of chlorpromazin the neuronal response to the nociceptive stimulus was blocked, but the response to the photic stimulus persisted. A conclusion is made that pain excitation reaches cortical visual neurones through functional connections, which are different from those functioning during activation of the same neurones with specific photic stimulus.

[Dynamics of the impulse activity of somatosensory cortical neurons during conditioned instrumental reactions]. / Dinamika impul'snoi aktivnosti somatosensornykh korkovykh neironov pri uslovnykh instrumental'nykh reaktsiiakh

Spike activity of 41 units in the first somatosensory cortical area was studied on unrestrained cats during the performance of a fixed conditioned alimentary instrumental reaction. Light or sound was used as a conditioned stimulus. The whole behavioral act was divided into six stages. It has been shown that different units of the somatosensory cortex change their spike activity either at all or only at some stages of the conditioned instrumental behavioral act. At no stage of the food-procuring behaviour does spike activity of the studied neurones essentially depend on the sensory modality of the conditioned signal. Units with an identified peripheral receptive field change their spike activity more pronouncedly than those with non-identified receptive fields.

[Impulse activity of visual cortex neurons at successive stages of instrumental behavior]. / Impul'snaia aktivnost' neironov zritel'noi kory golovnogo mozga na posledovatel'nykh étapakh instrumental'nogo povedeniia

Dynamics of spike activity of 62 units was studied in the projection visual area of the cerebral cortex in unrestrained cats during their performance of a conditioned alimentary instrumental reaction. Analysis of the activity of each unit was made at intervals from the beginning of the conditioned signal (light or sound) to the beginning of lapping milk which appeared in the feeding trough after the cat pressed the pedal. It has been found that the form of activity of the cortical unit greatly depends on the modality of the conditioned stimulus (light or sound). As to the final stages of instrumental behaviour and the achievment of the positive result, the degree of participation of cortical visual units in their formation does not depend on the modality of the conditioned signal.