Finding of Molars of the Archaic Vole Lasiopodomys (Stenocranius) Gregaloides (Hinton, 1923) (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Late Pleistocene of the Southern Urals.

A total of 1250 lower first molars (m1) of voles (Arvicolini) were studied from Late Pleistocene deposits (the radiocarbon dates from rodent bones: 17 100 ± 50 IGANAMS-9117; 13 255 ± 60 IGANAMS-9116) of the Imanay Cave (southern Urals, 53°02' N, 56°26' E). Of these, 24 m1 of voles of the subgenus Stenocranius were found to have broadly connected triangles T4 and T5 (Pitymys-Rhombus) at the base of the anteroconid. This structure is characteristic of lower m1 of Lasiopodomys (Stenocranius) gregaloides (Hinton, 1923) from faunas of the second half of the Early Pleistocene and the first half of the Middle Pleistocene. Molars with such morphology have not been found so far in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene locations of Europe and the Urals.

[Clinical, structural and functional features of paroxismal syndrome in insular and temporal lobe tumors]. / Klinicheskie i strukturno-funktsional'nye osobennosti paroksizmal'nykh rasstroistv, obuslovlennykh opukholyami ostrovkovoi i visochnoi dolei.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of paroxysmal syndrome in insular and temporal lobe tumors, to determine their relationship with the histological structure of tumor, to assess the effect of tumor growth nature on severity of disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis enrolled 80 patients aged 11 - 80 years with insular and temporal lobe tumors and symptomatic epilepsy. All patients underwent surgery at the Polenov National Research Neurosurgery Center in Almazov National Medical Research Center for the period from 2012 to 2018. RESULTS: The main group consisted of 29 patients with tumors of temporal and insular lobes. Control group of 51 patients with temporal gliomas was formed for comparative analysis. It was found that involvement of insular lobe into paroxysmal syndrome is characterized by attacks with a motor component, somatosensory paroxysms, vegetative manifestations (respiratory attacks, salivation, nausea), speech disorders and taste hallucinations. Derealization, motor arrest and déjà vu/jamis vu paroxysms were more common in patients with temporal lobe lesion. Neoplastic lesion of the insular lobe shortens the period between manifestation of paroxysms and surgical treatment. Moreover, this type of disease is characterized by higher incidence of seizures compared to isolated temporal lobe tumors.

A Finding of the Red Squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae, Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758) and Forest Dormouse (Rodentia, Gliridae, Dryomys nitedula Linnaeus, 1778) in the Pleistocene of the Southern Urals.

The study deals with a new sample of the mammalian fossils from the Pleistocene deposits of the Ignatievskaya Cave in Southern Urals (54°53' N, 57°46' E). Among the rodent fossils, the teeth of red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) and forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula) have been identified. The enamel differentiation quotient (SDQ) of the water vole teeth matches the Arvicola terrestris species from locations of the end of Middle and Late Pleistocene (oxygen isotope stages, OIS 6 and OIS 5-2, respectively). The high SDQ value for the water vole and the presence of the squirrel and dormouse in the fauna allow dating the finding near the end of the Middle Pleistocene and beginning of the Late Pleistocene (OIS 6 and OIS 5e, respectively). The widespread open and forest landscapes were inhabited by this fauna.

[The effect of yellow filter intraocular lens on the macula after cataract phacoemulsification in patients with age macular degeneration].

Macula changes diagnosed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) within a year after cataract phacoemulsification (PE) with intraocular lens implantation with and without yellow filter are presented. 32 patients (36 eyes) with early stages of age macular degeneration (AMD) were included into the experimental group and 35 patients (36 eyes) served as controls. IOLs with yellow filter were implanted in 21 eyes, and in 15 cases IOLs without filter were used in each group. According to OCT data thickening of fovea and increasing of macula volume developed within 6 months after cataract PE. Implantation of yellow filter IOLs reduced the intensity of these changes after surgery in patients with AMD. The progression of early AMD into advanced stages within a year after PE was not observed.

Results of the oral egg-challenge test performed on two different groups of children. One group with a history, suggestive of allergic reaction with egg intake and the other group sensitised to hen’s egg without previous egg intake

Introduction: Egg allergy is an adverse immune-system reaction of an IgE-mediated type, which can happen in children after egg intake and several times after their first egg intake. Objectives: Compare the results of the oral egg-challenge test in two groups of egg-sensitised children, with and without prior intake. Patients and methods: Retrospective study of two egg-sensitised groups (72 subjects). Group 1: 22 children without prior egg-intake. Group 2: 50 children with a clinical history of adverse reactions after egg intake. Skin prick tests, egg-white specific IgE (sIgE) and yolk specific IgE, were performed on all children. The oral egg-challenge tests were performed after a period of egg-avoidance diet and when egg-white specific IgE levels were lower than 1.5KU/L. Results: 31.8% of the children in Group 1 did not tolerate egg-intake whereas 38% of the children in Group 2 did not tolerate egg-intake. Egg-avoidance periods lasted 19.5 and 18 months, respectively. Egg-white specific IgE levels went down in both groups after an egg-avoidance diet. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups and the positivity of oral egg-challenge test. Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found in the behaviour of the two groups studied. Given the high risk of adverse reactions, it was recommended that any egg-introduction tests were to be performed in a hospital environment on the children who were sensitised to hen's egg (including children without prior egg intake)

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Results of the oral egg-challenge test performed on two different groups of children. One group with a history, suggestive of allergic reaction with egg intake and the other group sensitised to hen's egg without previous egg intake.

INTRODUCTION: Egg allergy is an adverse immune-system reaction of an IgE-mediated type, which can happen in children after egg intake and several times after their first egg intake. OBJECTIVES: Compare the results of the oral egg-challenge test in two groups of egg-sensitised children, with and without prior intake. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of two egg-sensitised groups (72 subjects). Group 1: 22 children without prior egg-intake. Group 2: 50 children with a clinical history of adverse reactions after egg intake. Skin prick tests, egg-white specific IgE (sIgE) and yolk specific IgE, were performed on all children. The oral egg-challenge tests were performed after a period of egg-avoidance diet and when egg-white specific IgE levels were lower than 1.5K U/L. RESULTS: 31.8% of the children in Group 1 did not tolerate egg-intake whereas 38% of the children in Group 2 did not tolerate egg-intake. Egg-avoidance periods lasted 19.5 and 18 months, respectively. Egg-white specific IgE levels went down in both groups after an egg-avoidance diet. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups and the positivity of oral egg-challenge test. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant differences were found in the behaviour of the two groups studied. Given the high risk of adverse reactions, it was recommended that any egg-introduction tests were to be performed in a hospital environment on the children who were sensitised to hen's egg (including children without prior egg intake).

Cytogenetic effects of low-dose radiation with different LET in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Chromosome damage and the spectrum of aberrations induced by low doses of gamma-irradiation, X-rays and accelerated carbon ions (195 MeV/u, LET 16.6 keV/microm) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of four donors were studied. G0-lymphocytes were exposed to 1-100 cGy, stimulated by PHA, and analyzed for chromosome aberrations at 48 h post-irradiation by the metaphase method. A complex nonlinear dose-effect dependence was observed over the range of 1 to 50 cGy. At 1-7 cGy, the cells showed the highest radiosensitivity per unit dose (hypersensitivity, HRS), which was mainly due to chromatid-type aberration. According to the classical theory of aberration formation, chromatid-type aberrations should not be induced by irradiation of unstimulated lymphocytes. With increasing dose, the frequency of aberrations decreased significantly, and in some cases it even reached the control level. At above 50 cGy the dose-effect curves became linear. In this dose range, the frequency of chromatid aberrations remained at a low constant level, while the chromosome-type aberrations increased linearly with dose. The high yield of chromatid-type aberrations observed in our experiments at low doses confirms the idea that the molecular mechanisms which underlie the HRS phenotype may differ from the classical mechanisms of radiation-induced aberration formation. The data presented, as well as recent literature data on bystander effects and genetic instability expressed as chromatid-type aberrations on a chromosomal level, are discussed with respect to possible common mechanisms underlying all low-dose phenomena.

[Cytogenetic effects of low dose radiation with different LET in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and possible mechanisms of their realization].

The induction of chromosome damage by the exposure to low doses of gamma-(60)Co and accelerated carbon ions 12C in peripheral blood lymphocytes of different donors was investigated. The complex nonlinear dose-effect dependence at the range from 1 to 50-70 cGy was observed. At the doses of 1-5 cGy the cells show the highest radiosensitivity (hypersensitivity), mainly due to the chromatid-type aberration, which is typical to those spontaneously generated in the cell and believed not to be induced by the irradiation of unstimulated lymphocytes according to the classical theory of aberration formation. With the increasing dose the frequency of the aberrations decreases significantly, in some cases up to the control level. At the doses over 50-70 cGy the dose-effect curve becomes linear. The possible role of the oxidative stress, caused by radiation-induced increase in mitochondrial reactive oxigen species (ROS) release in the phenomenon of hypersensitivity (HS) at low doses is discussed as well as cytoprotective mechanisms causing the increased radioresistance at higher doses.

[Induction of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes at low dose of radiation].

The chromosome damage induced by the doses of y-irradiation 6)Co in peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied using different cytogenetic assays. Isolated lymphocytes were exposed to 0.01-1.0 Gy, stimulated by PHA, and analysed for chromosome aberrations at 48 h postirradiation by metaphase method, at 49 h--by the anaphase method, at 58 h by micronucleus assay with cytochalasin B and, additionally, micronuclei were counted at 48 h on the slides prepared for the metaphase analysis without cytochalasin B. Despite of the quantitative differences in the amount of chromosome damage revealed by different methods all of them demonstrated complex nonlinear dose dependence of the frequency of aberrant cells and aberrations. At the dose range from 0.01 Gy to 0.05-0.07 Gy the cells had the highest radiosensitivity mainly due to chromatid-type aberration induction. With dose increasing the frequency of the aberrant cells and aberrations decreased significantly (in some cases to the control level). At the doses up to 0.5-0.7 Gy the dose-effect curves have become linear with the decreased slope compare to initial one (by factor of 5 to 10 for different criteria) reflecting the higher radioresistance of cells. These data confirm the idea that the direct linear extrapolation of high dose effect to low dose range--the procedure routinelly used to estimate genetic risk of low dose irradiation--cannot be effective and may lead to underestimation of chromosome damage produced by low radiation doses. Preferences and disadvantages of used cytogenetic assays and possible mechanisms of low ionising radiation doses action were discussed.

[Minimally invasive method in the treatment of liver trauma complications]. / Miniinvazivnyi metod v lechenii oslozhnenii travm pecheni.

78 patients aged from 14 to 73 years (57 men, 21 women) with complications after trauma of the liver were studied. Minimally invasive operations (puncture, drainage, puncture + drainage) were performed in 62 (79%) patients. 8 patients with small bilema received conservative treatment under visual follow-up. 8 patients with middle and big posttraumatic lesions not treated with minimally invasive surgery entered control group. Intracavitary prolonged proteolysis with immobilized proteinases (imosimase Literum, Novosibirsk) was used. Imosimase injection led to lysis of thick inflammation products, intensified sanation of focus. There were neither complications nor lethal outcomes. 2 (2.6%) patients were operated. Tissue sequestrum and bleeding were indications for surgery. Efficacy of minimally invasive treatment of posttraumatic lesion of the iver was 96%.

[Cytogenetic effects of low doses of radiation in mammalian cells: analysis of the hypersensitivity phenomenon and induced resistance]. / Tsitogeneticheskie éffekty malykh doz oblucheniia v kletkakh mlekopitaiushchikh: analiz fenomena giperchuvstvitel'nosti i indutsirovannoi rezistentnosti.

The induction of cytogenetic damage after irradiation of chinese hamster cells and human melanoma cells within a dose range 1-200 cGy was studied. The anaphase and metaphase analysis of chromosome damage and micronuclei test were applied. The hypersensitivity (HRS) at doses below 20 cGy and the increased radio-resistence at higher doses (IR) were shown with all cytogenetic critheria for both cell lines. The phenomenon of HRS/IR was reproduced in synchronic as well as in a synchronic population of chinese hamster cells. This fact shows that HRS was caused by high radiosensitivity of all cells and can not be explained by any differential sensitivity of cells in different phase of the cell cycle. So it was supposed that the increasing radio-resistence is determined by the inclusion of the inducible repair processes in all cells. This conclusion consents with the facts, that there was no evidence of HRS on dose-effect curves and that some parts of pre-existent damage was repaired after preliminary irradiation with low doses (1-20 cGy) which induce repair processes. It can be concluded that same inducible repair processes an analogous in mechanisms underlying in the base of HRS/IR phenomenon and adaptive response.

[The dose dependence of cytogenetic damages and the adaptive response of mammalian cells under the action of ionizing radiation at low doses]. / Dozovaia zavisimost' tsitogeneticheskikh povrezhdenii i adaptivnyi otvet kletok mlekopitaiushchikh pri deistvii ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia v malykh dozakh.

The dose-effect dependence of cytogenetic damage after single dose irradiation in the dose range of 0.1-2 Gy and the adaptive response after double-dose irradiation were studied on Chinese hamster and human melanoma cells in culture. The non-linear dose dependencies were found for the induction of chromosome aberrations with decrease in cell radiosensitivity in the definite dose range. This decrease started at 10 and 20 cGy for melanoma and Chinese hamster cells respectively. The maximal adaptive response was induced at 1 cGy for melanoma cells and at 20 cGy for Chinese hamster cells. It can be supposed that the same inducible repair processes are responsible for non-linearity of dose-effect curves and induction of the adaptive response. These processes are similar in mechanisms and different in quantitative proportion for different cell types.

[Puncture-drainage sanation of abdominal abscesses: is it sufficient treatment?]. / Punktsionno-dreniruiushchaia sanatsiia gnoinikov briushnoi polosti: ischerpyvaiushchii li metod lecheniia?.

Some anatomical grounds of postoperative extravisceral abscess formation, methods and results of their treatment, therapeutic policy in abscesses of parenchymatous organs are presented. 681 patients with abdominal abscess of various location were examined. Detailed analysis of ultrasonic and computed tomographic semiotics of postoperative extravisceral suppurative focus was carried out in 164 patients. The risk zones of extravisceral abscess formation in the conditions of changed visceral syntopy and destroyed ligamentic structures were determined. The efficiency of puncture-drainage treatment in different variants of subdiaphragmatic abscess was 89.4%, in abscess of omental bursa--83.3%. Intracavital prolonged proteolysis by immobilized proteinases (imosimase) was applied. The injection of imosimase in abscess cavity led to its content lysis, including the thick products of inflammation, improving their secretion through the drainage. In the majority of the patients, the puncture-drainage treatment of abscesses of various etiology and pathogenesis is an adequate method of sanation.

[The collateral venous blood flow and the surgical procedure in parasagittal meningiomas]. / Kollateral'nyi venoznyi krovotok i khirurgicheskaia taktika pri parasagittal'nykh meningiomakh.

Peculiarities of the collateral venous bloodflow were analysed in 242 cases of parasagittal meningiomas (PM). The cerebral veins participated in collateral bloodflow in 52.1% of cases with tumours of the anterior third of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), whereas in 39% of such cases the retrograde flow through proximal SSS have been found. Neoplasms of the middle/posterior third of SSS led to the collateral venous bloodflow through the anastomoses of the cerebral veins in 67% of cases. In 56% of patients the collateral flow was through extracerebral veins. The absence of strict conformities in the development of the collateral venous bloodflow leads to necessity of its intraoperative control by EEG monitoring. Severe changes of bioelectrical activity (14.9% of cases) are an indication for division of the surgical procedure into several stages.

Immobilized proteinases in the treatment of diffuse purulent peritonitis.

In vitro experiments on fibrin films using purulent exudate from the abdominal cavity of rats with experimental peritonitis demonstrate the fibrinolytic effect of bacterial proteinases immobilized on a polymeric matrix. The application of Imozimaza in the complex treatment of experimental peritonitis by the way of intraperitoneal lavage resulted in reliable lowering of mortality, due to the lysis of fibrinopurulent abdominal contents and better contact between antibacterial agents and peritonitis pathogens. In the clinic, prolonged abdominal proteolysis was applied to 44 patients with postoperative diffuse purulent peritonitis of >24 h duration. Under the conditions of programmable relaparotomy, intraperitoneal Imozimaza infusion led (as in in vitro tests) to the lysis of fibrinopurulent masses, which contained micro-organisms of an order higher than exudate. It was accompanied by increase in the drainage efficacy, absence of fragmentation of abdominal contents and absence of secondary abscesses. The use of Imozimaza on the background of complex antibacterial treatment and combined homeostatic therapy resulted in lowering of mortality from 65.8% to 27.3%. Complications and contra-indications for Imozimaza use in diffuse purulent peritonitis were not registered.

[Effects of low radiation doses on Chinese hamster cells]. / Deistvie malykh doz oblucheniia na kletki kitaiskogo khomiachka.

The induction of cytogenetic damages after irradiation with single dose of gamma-rays (0.1-2 Gy) have been studied. It is shown non-linear curve for the induction of chromosome aberrations, detected by anaphase method. After irradiation in S-stage of the cell cycle at dose below 0.2 Gy the cells were more radiosensitive than after irradiation with doses 0.3-2 Gy. Between the phases of high radiosensitivity and radioresistance the reversal dose-effect relation was observed. This phenomenon was not marked for the cells after irradiation in G2-stage of the cell cycle. It is possible, this results could reflect an induced radioresistance at low dose of irradiation.

[The lethal and mutagenic actions of radiations with different LETs on mammalian cells]. / Letal'noe i mutagennoe deistvie izluchenii s raznoi LPE na kletki mlekopitaiushchikh.

Inactivation and induction of mutations in the HGPRT locus in Chinese hamster cells after irradiation with accelerated heavy ions in the LET range of 20 to 367 keV/micron were studied. In both cases, inactivation and induction of mutations, the LET dependence of RBE is described by a curve with a local maximum in the range of 80 to 100 keV/micron. The maximum RBE value for the mutagenic action is almost twice as high as that for inactivation. However, the RBE coefficients of the mutation induction criterion for a certain level of cell-survival is lower significantly and tend to decrease with an increase in inactivation. The obtained data show that the mutagenic effects, induction of chromosome aberrations, and deaths have their origins in the same kind of primary damages, i.e., double-strand breaks of DNA.

[The surgical treatment of meningiomas of the superior sagittal sinus (the surgical approach and technic)]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie meningiom verkhnego sagittal'nogo sinusa (taktika i tekhnika operatsii).

The authors analyze the results of surgical management of 242 patients with upper sagittal sinus meningiomas who have been treated in the past 20 years. All the patients were divided into 3 groups in accordance with the surgical policy and techniques of interventions and anesthesiological support. The type of sinus wall tumor lesion and its associated cerebral blood outflow disorders detected by electrophysiological studies in pre- and intraoperative periods determined surgical policy which along with microsurgical technique of recovery of the intact sinus and superficial veins of the brain enhanced the efficiency of operations up to 92.2% and reduced fatal outcomes to zero.