RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: While altered cortisol concentrations have been observed in subjects with type 2 diabetes their circadian cortisol profile is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, we studied 63 ambulatory individuals with type 2 diabetes and 916 non-diabetic control subjects of the Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA)-F3 study. Circadian cortisol profiles were derived from saliva cortisol concentrations, determined on a regular weekday upon wake-up (F0), as well as ½ h (F½), 8 (F8) and 14 h (F14) after wake-up. RESULTS: Diabetic subjects exhibited a flattened circadian cortisol profile (rm-ANOVA: F[3,654]=3.41, p=0.02), with lower morning and higher afternoon and evening cortisol concentrations. CONCLUSION: We observed a flattened circadian cortisol rhythm in subjects with type 2 diabetes, providing evidence for a specific HPA system dysfunction.
Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Saliva/metabolismo , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
[reaction: see text]. The alpha-deprotonation of alkynyl carbamates 3 with the chiral base (-)-sparteine (4)/n-butyllithium, transmetalation with ClTi(O(i)()Pr)3, and subsequent substitution with an aldehyde results in the formation of enantioenriched 4-hydroxyallenyl carbamates 11. Stereoselection is determined by dynamic resolution of the lithium/(-)-sparteine complexes by selective crystallization.