Hemangioma hepático gigante roto / Giant hepatic hemangioma with spontaneous rupture

INTRODUÇÃO: Ruptura por hemangioma hepático é rara e há somente 32 casos descritos na literatura. RELATO DO CASO: Homem com 39 anos foi admitido com dor abdominal em hipocôndrio direito de início súbito associado à lipotímia. A investigação inicial demonstrou hemangioma hepático gigante (7x13 cm) em lobo direito associado a sinais de sangramento recente. Com o intuito de minimizar possibilidade de sangramento no intra-operatório, foi realizado embolização da artéria hepática direita. A operação transcorreu sem intercorrências, sem necessidade de hemotransfusão no intra-operatório. A transecção foi realizada com grampeador linear cortante de 75 mm. O tempo de internação foi de 13 dias. CONCLUSÃO: Procedimento cirúrgico é mandatório para hemangioma hepático roto, e a embolização é eficiente para controlar o sangramento e preparar melhor o paciente para a operação.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic hemangioma rupture is rare and there are only 32 cases in the literature. CASE REPORT: A 39-years-old man was admitted for sudden severe upper abdominal pain. Examination revealed a giant liver hemangioma (7x13 cm) in right lobe of the liver with signals of recent bleeding. Large feeding artery was embolised to reduce bleeding risk. The surgery occurred without transfusion. The liver trans-section was done with 75 mm linear stapler. The patient was discharged in the 13th post-operative day. CONCLUSION: Surgery is mandatory in hepatic hemangioma rupture and embolization is efficient in controlling pre-operative bleeding giving better opportunity to successful surgical procedure.

Clinical features of rhabdomyolysis after open and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis (RML) is caused by muscle injury, this may cause kidneys overload and lead to acute renal failure (ARF). The risk factors for RML in bariatric surgery (BS) are operative time (OT) >4 h and high BMI. The frequency of RML in BS varies from 12.9 to 37.8%. This study has the objective of describing the characteristics associated with RML and ARF in BS. METHODS: We studied retrospectively 114 patients submitted to BS. Criteria for RML were CPK level >950 IU/l (five times the normal value). The variables were BMI, OT, age, intraoperative hydration and diuresis, CPK, creatinine, arterial hypertension, peripheric vascular disease, diabetes, open and laparoscopic techniques--inclusion criteria: patients submitted to gastric bypass; exclusion: renal failure and statins use. RESULTS: RML incidence was 7%. The factors associated with RML in the bivariate analysis were hepatic steatosis, high BMI, high weight, higher excess weight, and prolonged OT. The risk factor for RML in the multivariate analysis was BMI > or = 50 kg/m2. When the OT was below 2 h the incidence of RML was zero, but this was not significant in the multivariate analysis. The factors associated with a higher risk of CPK elevation (multivariate analysis) were hypertension and open technique. CONCLUSION: BS is safe, with low incidence of RML/ARF. High BMI is associated with a higher risk of RML. Probably a longer OT is associated with a higher risk of RML not statistically demonstrated in this study. The factors associated with a higher risk of CPK elevation were hypertension and open technique.

Incidence of lower limbs deep vein thrombosis after open and laparoscopic gastric bypass: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Lower limbs deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are major causes of morbidity and mortality and are even higher in bariatric patients. The longer operative time and higher immobility in these patients increase the DVT risk. Although deaths after bariatric surgery have been reported, there is no consensus regarding the prophylaxis of DVT. This study's objective is to determine the incidence of lower limbs DVT in patients submitted to Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGBP) under prophylaxis by enoxaparin. METHODS: Patients with body mass index (BMI) equal to or higher than 35 kg/m(2) who submitted to RYGBP by laparotomy or laparoscopy using 40 mg/day of enoxaparin for 15 days were recruited between October 2004 and August 2005. Individuals with previous DVT and heparin allergy were excluded. Patients were tested for DVT using color Doppler ultrasound performed before surgery and on the second and fifth weeks after surgery. RESULTS: The study population included 136 patients, with 126 concluding the protocol. There were 79% (100/126) of female patients aged 19 to 65 years old, with mean of 40 years SD = 10 and BMI between 35 and 61 kg/m(2), mean of 43 kg/m(2) (SD = 5). All patients who submitted to RYGBP were divided as 55% (69/126) by laparoscopy and 45% (57/126) by laparotomy. The incidence rate of lower limbs DVT was 0.79% (1/126). CONCLUSION: The low incidence rate of DVT found in our study suggests that obesity might not be a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism in patients submitted to RYGBP.

Técnica de Lichtenstein sob anestesia local em herniorrafias inguinais / Lichtenstein technique under local anaesthesia in inguinal herniorrhaphies

RACIONAL: Herniorrafia inguinal, um procedimento cirúrgico comum no mundo todo, representa um importante gasto para saúde pública. Variadas abordagens cirúrgicas e opções de procedimentos anestésicos estão disponíveis para o reparo das hérnias inguinais atualmente. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em revisar e avaliar o tratamento cirúrgico inguinal pela técnica de Lichtenstein sob anestesia local. MÉTODOS: Dados de pesquisa constituíram-se de artigos científicos publicados e disponibilizados no site do PubMed (www.pubmed.gov). A revisão de literatura baseou-se no cruzamento dos seguintes descritores: herniorrafia inguinal, anestesia local e técnica de Lichtenstein. Cento e oito publicações relacionadas ao tema foram revisadas. CONCLUSÕES: A combinação entre anestesia local e o emprego da técnica livre de tensão de Lichtenstein para o reparo de hérnia inguinal primária demonstrou resultados positivos. A associação descrita mostrou reduções significativas na recorrência de hérnia inguinal e nas complicações pós-operatórias, assim como diminuição da dor crônica eventualmente presente em uma avaliação tardia. O melhor controle da dor pós-operatória imediata, a alta hospitalar precoce e o retorno às atividades laborativas podem ser atribuídos de maneira direta ou indireta às técnicas empregadas, refletindo na satisfação do paciente e em baixos custos para saúde pública.

BACKGROUND: Inguinal herniorrhaphy, a common surgical procedure performed worldwide, represents an important expense for public health. A variety of surgical approaches and options for anesthesical procedures are available nowadays for inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study is to review and to evaluate the Lichtenstein inguinal surgical treatment under local anesthesia. METHODS: Researching data consisted of scientific articles published and available at PubMed site (www.pubmed.gov). Literature review based on crossing the following headings: inguinal herniorrhaphy, local anesthesia and Lichtenstein technique. One hundred and eight publications related to the subject were reviewed. CONCLUSION: Combination between local anesthesia and tension-free Lichtenstein technique for primary inguinal hernia repair demonstrates positive results. The association described shows a significantly decrease in inguinal hernia recurrence and in postoperative complications, as well as reducing chronic pain that might be present in a late follow-up. The better immediate postoperative pain control, early hospital patient discharge and a faster return to job activities may all be attributed directly or indirectly to the technique implemented, reflecting increased patient satisfaction and lower costs for public health.

Common bile duct investigation in patients with mild biliary pancreatitis. when and how? A prospective analysis of 48 patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To define how and when patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis must have their biliary tree investigated. METHODOLOGY: We analyzed 48 patients' files with mild biliary pancreatitis between 1995 and 2004. After clinical treatment, magnetic resonance or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and then surgery was performed. Statistical data were analyzed through SPSS version 11.0. RESULTS: Of the 48 patients, 13 (27%) patients had choledocholithiasis. Five of these (38%) were diagnosed and treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and 8 (62%) patients had choledocholithiasis at magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. These 8 patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography which found common bile duct stones in only 4 (50%) of them that were treated successfully with papillotomy. All patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the same hospital stay with a low morbidity and no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that patients with mild biliary pancreatitis should have their biliary tree investigated just after clinical recovery and as close as possible to the operation because many gallstones pass spontaneously through the papillae. We believe that magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography can avoid an unnecessary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Rhabdomyolysis: diagnosis and treatment in bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis (RML) and subsequent acute renal failure can be serious problems following bariatric operations. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid the complications of RML. METHODS: This review was achieved by searching the key words: Rhabdomyolysis, diagnosis, treatment and bariatric surgery. We included prospective, retrospective, case reports and review articles. RESULTS: RML diagnosis can be done by: signs and symptoms, physical evaluation, laboratory findings and imaging examinations. Muscle weakness, myalgia, decubitus ulcer, proteinuria and myoglobinuria are the more mentioned findings. Elevation of CPK levels is the most sensitive diagnostic evidence of RML. Treatment is geared toward preserving renal function by avoiding dehydration, hypovolemia, tubular obstruction, aciduria, and free radical release. Early recognition allows the administration of fluids, bicarbonate, and mannitol. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic measures and early diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyolysis in bariatric surgery are imperative to prevent the potential fatal complications of this condition.

Laparoscopic management of intestinal obstruction due to phytobezoar.

Phytobezoars are a rare cause of small-bowel obstruction and an accurate preoperative diagnosis is very difficult. After diagnosis, the majority of patients in this study underwent surgery. The conventional management of small-bowel obstruction is done by laparotomy. Many studies have demonstrated that laparoscopy can be an alternative to laparotomy for the treatment of small-bowel obstruction in select patients, and it also brings the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. This report demonstrates the case of a patient with intestinal obstruction caused by phytobezoar (mango seed) who was treated laparoscopically. During the laparoscopy, a hard mass 5 cm proximal to the ileocaecal junction was palpable with graspers. An ileotomy was then performed. The bezoar was extracted and inserted into a bag. In this case, the intestinal obstruction management by laparoscopy was safe and feasible.

Colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE) intraoperatória como alternativa no tratamento de coledocolitíase / Intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (CPRE) as an alternative for choledocholithiasis treatment

RACIONAL: O tratamento da coledocolitíase continua controverso, podendo ser realizado por pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória seguida de videolaparocolecistectomia ou por videolaparocolecistectomia com exploração de vias biliares. Há relato na literatura de taxa de insucesso da pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória em torno de 6%. OBJETIVO: Apresentar caso de uma paciente que necessitou da realização de CPRE intra-operatória para resolução de coledocolitíase tratada sem êxito por CPRE. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 45 anos, admitida na emergência com quadro de dor abdominal em epigástrio e hipocôndrio direito. A ultra-sonografia da admissão evidenciou coledocolitíase, sendo ela encaminhada para pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória onde não houve sucesso na cateterização da papila. Foi optado então pela realização de videolaparocolecistectomia com exploração de via biliar por pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória intra-operatoria com a cateterização da papila direcionada por fio guia passado pelo ducto cístico. Foi realizada duodenoscopia com captura do fio guia que serviu para a passagem do papilótomo dando seqüência à pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica pré-operatória e retirada dos cálculos. A paciente evoluiu satisfatoriamente tendo alta no 2º dia do pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem da coledocolitíase por pancreatocolangiografia retrógrada endoscópica intra-operatória seguida de videolaparocolecistectomia, mostrou-se segura e eficaz.

BACKGROUND:Choledocholithiasis treatment is still a controversial topic, being done either with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography before laparoscopic cholecystectomy or by the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and exploration of common bile duct. According to literature, there is an unsuccessful rate of 6% when utilizing pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AIM: To report a case of a patient who underwent intraoperative CPRE as a solution to choledocholithiasis treated unsuccessfully by CPRE. CASE REPORT:- We present a case report of a 45-year-old patient, female, who was admitted to an emergency room with abdominal pain in the epigastrius and right hypochondrium. Ultrasonography showed choledocholithiasis, and the patient was indicated to a pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, by which the catheterization of papilla was unsuccessful. The patient was then, submitted to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and exploration of the common bile ducts by preoperative and intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with the catheterization of papilla being guided by a guiding thread which was introduced through the cystic duct. A duodenoscopy with the capture of the guiding thread was performed, allowing the passage of papillotome, giving sequence to the preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, by which gallstones were removed. The patient had a satisfying recovery being discharged on the second post-operative day. CONCLUSION: In this case, the choledocholithiasis management by intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with laparoscopic cholecystectomy was considered both safe and effective.

Fatores que levaram a uma internação prolongada após videolaparocolecistectomia: análise multivariada / Factors that lead to a longer staying after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multivariate analysis

Racional - A videolaparocolecistectomia já é condiderada na literatura, como a melhor opção de tratamento da doença calculosa da vesícula biliar. Atualmente a maioria dos pacientes submetidos a colecistectomia laparoscópica permanecem internados por aproximadamente 24 horas, podendo até mesmo ser operados em sistema de hospital-dia...

Background - Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered in the literature, the best option as a treatment of gallblader stones. Currently the medium hospital stay of patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystetomy is 24 hours. Although it can be made as day hospital, there are some situations...

Videolaparocolecistectomia (VLC) na colecistite aguda e colecistite crônica: estudo comparativo / Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in acute and chronic cholecystitis: a comparative study

Racional - A videolaparocolecistectomia (VLC) é considerada padrão ouro paran o tratamento de colelitíase e colecistite crônica (CC) e inicialmente era contraindicada na colecistite aguda (CA). Nos últimos anos ela veio se tornando também a melhor opção de tratamento para a CA, apesar das maiores taxas de conversão evidenciadas na literatura...

Background - Laparoscopy is now considered the gold standard treatment of cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis (CC). Initialy it was now not indicated in acute cholecystitis (AC). In the last years laparoscopic cholecystetomy (LC) has become the best option in the treatment of AC, althrought...

Laparoscopic gastric banding in the rat model as a means of videolaparoscopic training.

BACKGROUND: The development of laparoscopy in bariatric surgery has attracted a large number of surgeons. Learning this method for future clinical practice requires intensive training with inert tissues, simulators and experimental surgery in animals. Performing these procedures in small animals, with the same equipment used in humans, is feasible, allowing familiarization with and comprehension of the basic techniques. Wistar rats weighing 300-600 g were used. The animals were kept in standard laboratory conditions. A laparoscopic video-system, Veress needle, three ports, a 0 degree optic, a laparoscopic needle-holder, two 5-mm graspers, a 5-mm dissection clamp and a 5-mm scissors were used. An orogastric catheter with three 4-0 nylon sutures and one 6-0 nylon suture were also utilized. For the gastric band, we used a plastic device similar to the human gastric band. The present study describes a simple, inexpensive and reproducible technique for laparoscopic gastric banding in a rat model utilizing the same instruments developed for humans. The experimental rat model is more motivating than simulators, requires less space, and has easier maintenance compared with bigger animals, and consequently allows the use of more animals for teaching, training and application in many scientific studies.

Staplerless laparoscopic gastric bypass: a new option in bariatric surgery.

The staplerless Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is a new option in bariatric surgery. The first to describe it was Himpens (2004) utilizing the LigaSure Atlas (LSA) in a series of 10 patients. The laparoscopic RYGBP is performed utilizing the LSA for the gastric and jejunal partition; after that, an imbricating running suture is performed to ensure stomach and bowel hermetic closure. All anastomoses are hand-sewn. Technical disadvantages are: learning curve; complications related to suture failure; possible thermal/electricity related injuries; longer operating time. Advantages are: stapler-associated bleeding, leaks, staple-line disruption, and fistulas are avoided; cost reduction. The staplerless RYGBP is complex; the surgeon involved requires expertise and ability. This technique will evolve and will be used by more surgeons. It is a new option for the surgeon preoccupied with costs, which is particularly important in developing countries.

Remission of psoriasis after open gastric bypass.

Psoriasis is a frequent skin disease, affecting 2% of the world's population. Stress, alcohol, smoking and obesity may be associated with psoriasis. A 56-year-old man with BMI 46.9 kg/m(2), hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux, had severe psoriasis for the last 39 years, without any remission on multiple treatments. Psoriatic papules and plaques were noted on his face, dorsum of hands, buttocks, knees, and elbows. He underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. At 4-month follow-up, the patient had lost 23 kg or 34.8% of excess weight, and presented complete remission of the psoriasis without medications. Bariatric surgery for positive metabolic, psychological and lifestyle consequences should be considered a treatment of psoriasis. Long-term observation is necessary.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Acute cholecystitis is the major complication of biliary lithiasis, for which laparoscopic treatment has been established as the standard therapy. With longer life expectancy, acute cholecystitis has often been seen in elderly patients (>65 years old) and is often accompanied by comorbity and severe complications. We sought to compare the outcome of laparoscopic treatment for acute cholecystitis with special focus on comparison between elderly and nonelderly patients. METHOD: This study was a prospective analysis of 190 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis or chronic acute cholecystitis, comparing elderly and nonelderly patients. RESULTS: Of 190 patients, 39 (21%) were elderly (>65 years old) and 151 (79%) were not elderly (< or =65 years), with conversion rates of 10.3% and 6.6% (P=0.49), respectively. The incidence of postoperative complications in elderly and nonelderly patients were the following, respectively: atelectasis 5.1% and 2.0% (P=0.27); respiratory infection 5.1% and 2.7% (P=0.6); bile leakage 5.1% and 2.0% (P=0.27), and intraabdominal abscess 1 case (0.7%) and no incidence (P = 1). CONCLUSION: According to our data, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and efficient procedure for the treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients older than 65 years of age.

Factors leading to long-term hospitalization after laparoscopic appendectomy.

BACKGROUND: Randomized studies demonstrate that laparoscopic appendectomy yields better results compared with open techniques. We sought to identify factors that determine an extended hospital stay among patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. METHODS: This was a prospective study including 669 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. We analyzed variables that can predict the length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Of 669 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy, 141 stayed in the hospital for > or = 5 days (Group 1), and 97 stayed in the hospital for < or = 1 day after surgery (Group 2). The univariate analysis demonstrated that fever (P<0.0001), nausea and vomiting (P=0.060), leukocytosis (P<0.0001), gangrened or perforated intraoperative appearance of the appendix (P<0.0001), and appendix position behind the ileocecal junction (P<0.001) were related to a longer hospital stay. The multivariate analysis through logistical regression showed that the factors independently and significantly associated with an extended hospital stay were presurgical fever, appendix position behind the ileocecal junction, and intraoperative gangrened or perforated appearance of the appendix. CONCLUSION: Fever, appearance, and position of the appendix are factors related to an extended hospital stay.

Reparo de hérnia de Grynfeltt com uso de tela de polipropileno sob anestesia local / Grynfeltt's hernia repair with polypropylene mesh and local anesthesia

Hérnias lombares são entidades raras com apenas aproximadamente 300 casos relatados na literatura. Elas se classificam quanto ao local de origem em hérnias lombares difusas, hérnias lombares do triângulo inferior ou de Petit e hérnias lombares do triângulo superior, ou hérnias de Grynfellt / Lumbar hernias are rare entities, wich only 300 cases reported in literature. They are classified concerning the region which are located in diffuse lumbar hérnias, inferior lumbar hernia of Petit and superior lumbar hernia of Grynsellt...

Tratamento de hemorragia digestiva baixa com embolização percutânea de ramo da artéria cólica média; relato de caso / Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage treatment with percutaneous embolization of middle colic artery branch: case report

Hemorragia digestiva baixa é entidade comum, sendo suas causas mais frequentes, divertículos e angiodisplasia. O manejo initial visa à estabilização hemodinâmica, para então proceder-se a investigação diagnóstica. Na grande maioria dos casos (80-85 por cento) ocorre resolução espontânea do sangramento, ficando o restante para as várias modalidades terapêuticas / Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a common disease, being diverticulosis and angiodysplasia de most frequent causes of it. Its initial handling aims the hemodynamic stabilization, and then to proceed the diagnostic investigation. In the majority of cases (80 - 85 per cent) spontaneous resolution of the hemorrhage takes place, being the others submitted to therapeutic procedures...

Closure of the abdominal cavity after severe peritonitis in bariatric surgery utilizing a mesh and plastic device.

The major cause of peritonitis in bariatric surgery is leakage of GI contents, which can have a catastrophic outcome for the bariatric patient. To resolve this serious problem, the surgeon must act quickly. This paper describes a 27-year-old female after gastric bypass with disruption of the gastroenterostomy and severe contamination and peritonitis. Closure of the anastomotic leak, drainage, and gastrostomy in the bypassed stomach were performed, but the abdomen could not be closed, due to dilated bowel and the intra-abdominal edema with the sepsis. Temporary laparostomy closure was performed; a plastic sheet with an overlying mesh was sutured to the fascial margins. Planned multiple reoperations permitted removal of necrotic and infected debris, with progressive approximation and ultimate closure of the fascia. This treatment resulted in a successful outcome for the patient.