RESUMO
Introduction The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide and the eighth leading cause of female cancer death in Saudi Arabia, especially in women between the ages of 15 and 44. The HPV vaccine is known to prevent HPV disease and death. Because parents are often the decision-makers regarding receiving HPV vaccination during adolescence, assessing parents' knowledge about HPV and its relationship with their intention to vaccinate their daughters is highly necessary. Materials and methods An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 773 parents, both mothers and fathers, of female students attending sixth grade from all areas of Jeddah city in Saudi Arabia were recruited. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data. Results The current study findings showed that 356 (46.1%) parents had poor knowledge about HPV, 119 (15.4%) had a fair level of knowledge, and 298 (38.5%) had a good level of knowledge. While 344 (44.5%) had intention to vaccinate, 337 (43.6%) were not sure and 92 (11.9%) were not intending to vaccinate. A significant association was identified between knowledge level and respondents' variables such as being the father or mother, nationality, age, educational level, sector of employment, and monthly income. Employment status was significantly associated with the intention to vaccinate against HPV. Conclusion Concerns about the effectiveness and safety of the HPV vaccine as well as lack of knowledge about HPV and the vaccine influenced parents' negative intention to obtain the vaccine. Health promotion initiatives for the HPV vaccine should be culturally responsive and emphasize the risks and benefits of the vaccine for women. Knowledge and attitudes about HPV can be improved through concise, visually designed, and comprehensive educational intervention programs targeting parents and their children at schools. Despite the proven safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines, more comprehensive strategies may be needed in the future to increase coverage rates of HPV vaccination nationwide.
RESUMO
Introduction Domestic violence against women is now widely recognized as a public health issue and a major human rights violation on a global scale. It is a significant risk factor for women's health problems. Pregnancy places a woman under significant physical and psychological pressure, even without additional stressors like abuse. This pressure can have a negative impact on both the mother's and the child's health. This study aims to assess the prevalence of violence among pregnant women and to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women exposed to violence. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 postpartum women to assess maternal and fetal outcomes among those who were exposed to violence during their pregnancy. A face-to-face interview was done using one tool with three parts to collect the necessary data. Part one included socio-demographic characteristics and reproductive history for participants, part two included safe and validated dates-physical violence victimization scale, and part three included maternal and fetal outcomes. Result The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of victimization occurred one to three times (28.8%), while 11.5% of victimization occurred four to nine times, and 2.6% of victimization occurred 10 times or more. Many factors play a role in violence, including family income, husband's jobs, husband smoking, being forced into marriage, a higher number of children, and parity. Additionally, it was discovered that adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes include preterm birth (PTB), early onset of labor, low birth weight (LBW), and neonatal admission to the intensive care unit. Conclusion The result indicates that violence against pregnant women is at a significant rate. Their findings show that there are several factors that may have caused this percentage. Among the factors that contributed to violence in this study were family income, smoking, husbands' work, forced marriage, the number of pregnancies, and the number of children. To reduce violence during pregnancy, it is crucial to empower women, especially those without a source of income of their own. It is also critical to educate partners and foster healthy relationships between partners.
