Ecosystem-based fisheries management forestalls climate-driven collapse.

Climate change is impacting fisheries worldwide with uncertain outcomes for food and nutritional security. Using management strategy evaluations for key US fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea we find that Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) measures forestall future declines under climate change over non-EBFM approaches. Yet, benefits are species-specific and decrease markedly after 2050. Under high-baseline carbon emission scenarios (RCP 8.5), end-of-century (2075-2100) pollock and Pacific cod fisheries collapse in >70% and >35% of all simulations, respectively. Our analysis suggests that 2.1-2.3 °C (modeled summer bottom temperature) is a tipping point of rapid decline in gadid biomass and catch. Multiyear stanzas above 2.1 °C become commonplace in projections from ~2030 onward, with higher agreement under RCP 8.5 than simulations with moderate carbon mitigation (i.e., RCP 4.5). We find that EBFM ameliorates climate change impacts on fisheries in the near-term, but long-term EBFM benefits are limited by the magnitude of anticipated change.

Meningitis recurrente por defectos anatómicos: la bacteria indica su origen / Recurrent meningitis due to anatomical defects: The bacteria indicates its origin

Introducción: La meningitis recurrente es una patología infrecuente. Los factores predisponentes son alteraciones anatómicas o situaciones de inmunodeficiencia. Presentamos 4 casos en los que, excluida una inmunodeficiencia, el microorganismo responsable orientó al defecto anatómico causante de las recurrencias. Pacientes y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de 4 casos clínicos con diagnóstico de meningitis bacteriana recurrente. Resultados: Caso 1: niño de 30 meses con hipoacusia unilateral, diagnosticado por resonancia magnética (RM) de malformación de Mondini tras 2 episodios de meningitis por Haemophilus influenzae. Reparación quirúrgica tras tercera recurrencia. Caso 2: niña de 14 años diagnosticada por RM de defecto de lámina cribiforme posterior a 3 episodios de meningitis por Streptococcus pneumoniae. Se coloca válvula de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. Caso 3: niña con meningitis por Staphylococcus aureus a los 2 y 7 meses. La RM muestra seno dérmico occipital que requiere exéresis. Complicación con abscesos cerebelosos por coexistencia de quiste dermoide. Caso 4: niño con meningitis por Streptococcus bovis a los 9 días y porEnterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli a los 7 meses, con crecimiento de Citrobacter freundii y E. faecium posteriormente. RM compatible con síndrome de Currarino. Incluye fístula rectal de LCR, que se repara quirúrgicamente. A los 4 pacientes se les habían realizado pruebas de imagen durante los primeros episodios de meningitis, informadas como normales. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con meningitis recurrentes se debe valorar la posibilidad de un defecto anatómico; el microorganismo aislado debe ayudar a localizarlo. Es imprescindible conocer la flora normal de los potenciales focos. El tratamiento definitivo es habitualmente quirúrgico (AU)

Introduction: Recurrent meningitis is a rare disease. Anatomical abnormalities and immunodeficiency states are predisposing factors. Four cases, in which immunodeficiency was excluded, are presented. The causal microorganism led to the detection of the anatomical defect responsible for the recurrences. Patients and methods: Retrospective review of 4 cases with clinical diagnosis of recurrent bacterial meningitis. Results: Case 1: a thirty month-old boy with unilateral hearing loss, diagnosed with Mondini abnormality by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 2 episodes of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. Surgical repair after third recurrence. Case 2: fourteen year-old girl diagnosed by MRI with cribriform plate defect after 3 episodes of meningitis due toStreptococcus pneumoniae. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. Case 3: girl with meningitis due to Staphylococcus aureus at 2 and 7 months. MRI shows occipital dermal sinus requiring excision. Complication with cerebellar abscesses because of a coexisting dermoid cyst. Case 4: child with meningitis due to Streptococcus bovis at 9 days andEnterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli at 7 months, with positive cultures to Citrobacter freundii and E. faecium later on. Spinal MRI led to the diagnosis of Currarino syndrome with CSF fistula, which was surgically repaired. The 4 patients had undergone image studies reported as normal during the first episodes. Conclusions: In patients with recurrent meningitis the possibility of an anatomical defect should be considered. The isolated microorganism should help to locate it. It is essential to know the normal flora of the different anatomical sites. The definitive treatment is usually surgical (AU)

[Recurrent meningitis due to anatomical defects: The bacteria indicates its origin]. / Meningitis recurrente por defectos anatómicos: la bacteria indica su origen.

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent meningitis is a rare disease. Anatomical abnormalities and immunodeficiency states are predisposing factors. Four cases, in which immunodeficiency was excluded, are presented. The causal microorganism led to the detection of the anatomical defect responsible for the recurrences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 4 cases with clinical diagnosis of recurrent bacterial meningitis. RESULTS: Case 1: a thirty month-old boy with unilateral hearing loss, diagnosed with Mondini abnormality by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 2 episodes of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. Surgical repair after third recurrence. Case 2: fourteen year-old girl diagnosed by MRI with cribriform plate defect after 3 episodes of meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. Case 3: girl with meningitis due to Staphylococcus aureus at 2 and 7 months. MRI shows occipital dermal sinus requiring excision. Complication with cerebellar abscesses because of a coexisting dermoid cyst. Case 4: child with meningitis due to Streptococcus bovis at 9 days and Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli at 7 months, with positive cultures to Citrobacter freundii and E. faecium later on. Spinal MRI led to the diagnosis of Currarino syndrome with CSF fistula, which was surgically repaired. The 4 patients had undergone image studies reported as normal during the first episodes. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with recurrent meningitis the possibility of an anatomical defect should be considered. The isolated microorganism should help to locate it. It is essential to know the normal flora of the different anatomical sites. The definitive treatment is usually surgical.

Evaluating associations between Mediterranean diet adherence indexes and biomarkers of diet and disease.

OBJECTIVE: We examined associations between two Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence indexes (the MD index, MDI, and the MD score, MDS) and several blood biomarkers of diet and disease. SUBJECTS: We studied 328 individuals from Catalonia (Northeastern Spain), ages 18-75, who provided fasting blood samples, a subset of the 2346 individuals as part of a larger representative and random sample from the 1992-1993 Catalan Nutritional Survey. DESIGN AND METHOD: Diet was measured using 24-h recalls. Biomarkers studied were plasma levels of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, vitamins B12, C and folates as well as serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyse associations of the nutrient biomarkers with the dietary pattern indexes, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with higher MD adherence, as measured by the two dietary indexes, had significantly higher plasma concentrations of beta-carotene, folates, vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol and HDL cholesterol. The most highly significant relationship was that between folates and the adherence to the MD Pattern, as determined by both indexes. These research findings suggest the potential usefulness of biomarkers as complementary tools for assessing adherence to a dietary pattern. This type of data not only informs the development of robust dietary adherence indexes, but it also provides specific clues about the potential physiological mechanisms that explain the beneficial effects of the MD pattern on chronic disease risk.