Burnout Among Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the experience of diabetes burnout in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). In addition, aims included participant perspectives of risk and protective factors associated with burnout and ways to balance everyday life with diabetes self-management (DSM). METHODS: Young adults with T1DM (N = 11) were recruited through social media platforms and modified snowball sampling and interviewed. Informational redundancy was achieved. Qualitative thematic coding and analysis were conducted within and across transcripts. RESULTS: Diabetes burnout was described as the willingness to put diabetes and DSM on the "back burner" and let things slide due to exhaustion, frustration, apathy, and the desire to be like everyone else for a while. Risk and protective factors were identified along with strategies to achieve balance of DSM in everyday life. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a clear definition of diabetes burnout and acknowledges this concept as distinct and separate from other psychosocial conditions. Health care providers can utilize this information to identify individuals at risk for diabetes burnout and offer more effective support to lessen the overall burden associated with T1DM.

Expanding horizons: Lonergan's philosophy as a guide to PhD program pedagogy.

Historically, research-focused doctoral programs in nursing have used the apprenticeship model to educate and prepare nurse scientists for research careers. The assumption is that students learn best when paired with a faculty member who is working on the same topic. This model works well when there is a stable workforce, adequate funding streams and sufficient faculty with diverse expertise to capture the enthusiasm and varied topics of incoming doctoral students. However, we believe there are alternative approaches that are worth exploring. We propose an alternative way of preparing students for entry into nursing science. The purpose of this paper is to describe one PhD program's new approach, based on the philosophical premises of Bernard Lonergan, to create a generation of creative, insightful thinkers who expand the horizons of the nursing discipline.

Content Validation and Utility of a Critical Reflective Inquiry Assessment Tool.

A Critical Reflective Inquiry (CRI) Assessment Tool was developed based on the CRI Model to assess reflection in nursing practice. Experienced clinicians evaluated the CRI Assessment for clarity and relevance to the CRI Model and nursing practice utility. Content validity index was calculated for each item in the scale and then averaged across all items. The tool has potential in education and orientation for assessing the depth and focus of reflection and what is learned.

Quality of Life of College Students Living With Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative View.

The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to examine the quality of life among college students living with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Inclusion criteria included age 18 to 24, current college student, and a diagnosis of T1D for at least 1 year. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, in-person and by phone. During these interviews, college students shared stories of living with T1D and its impact on their quality of life. Three major themes emerged, which included "planning ahead," "thinking positive," and "seeking support." These findings provide a better understanding of the transitional experience of living with T1D and the impact on perceived quality of life while attending college. Techniques and strategies aimed at the enhancement of perceived quality of life for college students living with T1D were identified. These findings will provide valuable insight for professionals working with this population.

Factors Affecting Resilience in Families of Adults With Diabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of family resilience on families of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A convenience sample of 77 participants was recruited from several diabetes education/support group programs and 1 private medical practice to participate in this descriptive correlational study. Participants completed several instruments measuring family member satisfaction with components of family functioning, family resilience, life orientation (measure of optimism), and diabetes knowledge. RESULTS: Family members were predominantly female (71%) and white (97%), and they had a minimum of a college education (79%). A significant positive relationship was found between family functioning and family resilience (r = 0.59, P < .01). Regression analysis revealed that family functioning was the only predictor of family resilience, explaining 46% of the variance. Positive outlook and diabetes knowledge were not significant contributors to the model. A significant low correlation was found between family member's level of diabetes knowledge and measure of optimism. Additional findings demonstrated that the Family Resilience Assessment tool was a reliable measure, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.91. CONCLUSION: Family functioning was associated with family resilience. Future research should focus on replicating the study in a more heterogeneous population, with further investigation into the needs of family members of adults with diabetes.

Incorporating Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations to Promote Holistic Communication Between Older Adults and Nursing Students.

With the increased life expectancy, older adults will interact with multiple health care providers to manage acute and chronic conditions. These interactions include nursing students who use various health care settings to meet the clinical practicum requirements of their programs. Nursing faculty are charged with facilitating students' learning throughout the program from basic human needs, to holistic communication, to advanced medical surgical concepts. Despite educating students on holistic communication, there remains a lack of a reliable framework to undertake the task of teaching holistic communication skills. Nursing students preparing to function as licensed practitioners need to develop appropriate knowledge to holistically care for older adults. The purpose of this article is to examine Hildegard Peplau's interpersonal relations theory as a framework to assist nursing students to understand holistic communication skills during their encounters with older adults. Peplau's theory provides nursing a useful set of three interlocking and oftentimes overlapping working phases for nurses' interaction with patients in the form of the nurse-patient relationship. Nursing education could adopt the three phases of Peplau's interpersonal relations theory to educate students on holistically communicating with older adults.