Synthesis and Properties of Ethylene/propylene and Ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidene-2-norbornene Copolymers Obtained on Rac-Et(2-MeInd)2ZrMe2/Isobutylaluminium Aryloxide Catalytic Systems.

Ethylene/propylene (E/P) and ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (E/P/ENB) copolymers were obtained on rac-Et(2-MeInd)2ZrMe2 activated by a number of isobutylaluminium aryloxides: (2,6-tBu2PhO-)AliBu2 (1-DTBP) (2,6-tBu2,4-Me-PhO-)AliBu2 (1-BHT), (2,4,6-tBu2PhO-)AliBu2 (1-TTBP), (2,6-tBu2,4-Me-PhO-)2AliBu (2-BHT), (2,6-tBu2PhO-)2AliBu (2-DTBP), [(2-Me,6-tBu-C6H3O)AliBu2]2 (1-MTBP), [(2,6-Ph2-PhO)AliBu2]2 (1-DPP). This study shows how the structure of an activator influences catalytic activity and polymer properties, such as the copolymer composition, molecular weight characteristics, and thermophysical and mechanical properties. It has been shown that both the introduction of a bulky substituent in the para-position of the aryloxy group and the additional aryloxy group in the structure of an activator lead to a significant decrease in activity of the catalytic system in all studied copolymerization processes. Moreover, activation by bulkier aryloxides leads to lower levels of comonomer insertion and gives rise to higher molecular weight polymers. Broad or multiple endothermic peaks with different values of melting points are observed on the DSC curves of the copolymers obtained with different catalytic systems. The DSC of the thermally fractionated samples makes it possible to reveal the heterogeneity of the copolymer microstructure, which manifests itself in the presence of a set of lamellar crystallites of different thickness. The results also present the mechanical properties of the copolymers, such as the tensile strength (σ), elongation at break (ε), and engineering strain (EL). The synthesized E/P and E/P/ENB copolymers contain about 1-4 wt.% of the sterically hindered phenols obtained in situ as a residue of the hydrolyzed activators in the course of reaction quenching. This determines the increased thermooxidative stability of the copolymers.

[Study of the neuroprotective action of hybrid structures based on fullerene C60].

The neuroprotective action of hybrid structures based on fullerene C60 with attached proline amino acid has been studied. Hybrid structures contained natural antioxidant carnosine or addends with one or two nitrate groups. It has been shown that all studied compounds had antioxidant activity and decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde in homogenates of the rat brain. Compound 1, which contained the antioxidant carnosine, has been found to be the most effective antioxidant. All compounds except IV and V inhibited the activity of monoamine oxidase B, while compounds I-IV increased the activity of monoamine oxidase A. All investigated compounds inhibited glutamate-induced Ca2+ uptake into synaptosomes of the rat brain cortex. Compound III, containing two nitrate groups, has been found to be the most effective inhibitor. This compound caused a significant increase of the currents of AMPA receptors (AMPA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid).

[Anticonvulsants as bioantioxidants under stress conditions].

The action of heterocyclic amides series (ethosuximide, phenytoin, primidone) on lipid peroxidation and membrane bound monoamine oxidases A and B under stress condition has been studied. The intraperitoneal injection of the drugs resulted in enhancement of SOD, decrease of brain malondialdehyde content and mitochondrial activity of monoamine oxidases A and B.

Prospective study comparing lidocaine 2% jelly versus sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for trabeculectomy surgery.

AIMS: To compare the analgesic properties of lidocaine 2% jelly versus sub-Tenon's anaesthesia with lidocaine 2% without adrenaline (epinephrine) for trabeculectomy surgery. METHODS: A prospective randomised clinical trial. 59 consecutive patients scheduled for trabeculectomy at the Toronto Western Hospital were randomly assigned to topical unpreserved lidocaine 2% jelly or sub-Tenon's anaesthesia with 2% lidocaine. Both groups received a standardised sedative consisting of midazolam, fentanyl. and/or propofol. The visual analogue scale was utilised to measure intraoperative pain. Patient comfort, physician assessment of intraoperative patient compliance, volume of local anaesthetic used, need for supplemental anaesthesia, and any complications were recorded. The two groups were compared using the Student's t test. RESULTS: The sub-Tenon's anaesthesia group and the lidocaine 2% jelly group did not vary significantly in subjective pain score (18.3 (SD 16.2) v 19.8 (12.4) respectively, p = 0.739) and surgeons' satisfaction scale (3.6 (0.7) and 3.8 (0.6) respectively, p = 0.328). Four patients required additional anaesthesia, all of them in the sub-Tenon's group. CONCLUSION: Topical lidocaine 2% jelly is as effective as sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for pain control in patients undergoing trabeculectomy. Lidocaine 2% jelly is similar to sub-Tenon's anaesthesia in patient comfort and surgeon satisfaction.

Feed contamination with Candida krusei as a probable source of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows.

Over 3 months, yeasts were isolated in pure culture from milk samples obtained from 8 lactating cows with acute mastitis and from 1 cow with subacute mastitis. Eight of the isolates were identified as Candida krusei; 1 isolate was not submitted for identification. The affected cows were assigned to separate milking groups and had not been treated by intramammary administration of antibiotic before the outbreak. Remission of disease without treatment was observed, followed by shedding of the yeast in milk for 2 to 5 weeks. Median somatic cell counts in the affected cows before, during, and 2 months after the onset of clinical signs were 93,000; 1,793,000; and 135,000 cells/ml, respectively. Wheat silage was found to be the probable source of the infecting microorganism, whereas inadequate milking hygiene resulted in its persistence in the herd. Following replacement of the silage and improvement of the milking hygiene, the outbreak ceased. Candida krusei thus may cause mastitis in cattle not only following intramammary antibiotic treatment, but also in conditions of heavy environmental contamination, in conjunction with inadequate milking hygiene.

[Operation of systems for purification of sewage and surface waters based on sorption-oxidative technology]. / Rabota sistem ochistki stochnykh i poverkhnostnykh vod na osnove sorbtsionno-okislitel'noi tekhnologii.

A universal scheme for the treatment of water containing different concentrations of organic compounds is described. The treatment is based on the principle of the water saturation with an active oxidant followed by aerobic purification in units with microflora fixed on active carbon. Active chlorine forming during the electrochemical treatment provides the water disinfection and plays the role of a source of the formation of monatomic and molecular oxygen during the dechlorination.

[Use of mycelial waste products as an additive in the manufacture of granulated active carbon]. / Ispol'zovanie mitselial'nykh otkhodov v kachestve dobavki pri proizvodstve granulirovannykh aktivnykh uglei.

The physico-chemical characteristics of type MAU active carbon manufactured with the use of the mycelial waste of tetracycline production and carbon residue are presented. Granulated active carbon MAU-5 was tested under laboratory conditions at the stage of the treatment of the antibiotic production waste. For the manufacture of the granulated active carbon the mycelial waste with the moisture content of 8 per cent and the carbon residue of weared tyres were used. The same as active carbon BAU it is useful in the sorption treatment of sewage.

[The technology of sewage purification and water treatment in self-contained oxidation-biosorption units]. / Tekhnologiia ochistki stochnykh vod i vodopodgotovki v avtonomnykh oksibiosorbtsionnykh ustanovkakh.

A technological process for oxybiosorption of sewage was developed. The process and a self-contained unit using it are described.

[The possibility for obtaining sorbents from the mycelial wastes of antibiotic production]. / Issledovanie vozmozhnosti polucheniia sorbentov iz mitselial'nykh otkhodov proizvodstva antibiotikov.

A technological process for production of a sorbent based on the mycelial waste of penicillin manufacture was developed. The process and its parameters are described. The exploitation conditions determine whether a strong sorbent with low sorption properties or a sorbent with higher sorption properties and lower granule strength is prepared.

[Concept of oxybiosorption purification of sewage in antibiotic production]. / Kontseptsiia iksibiosorbtsionnoi ochistki stochnykh vod proizvodstva antibiotikov.

The conception of oxybiosorption treatment of sewage in antibiotic production is discussed. The conception is based on the data obtained and published by the authors earlier. The main principles of the process substantiation are the generation of active oxygen during the catalytic sorption in the sewage treatment and the formation of active oxygen metabolites (AOM) in the biological systems. Interaction of the AOMs with the organic contaminants in aerobic biological systems provides intensive submerged treatment of the sewage.

[Operation of biological systems for sewage treatment intensified by active oxygen]. / Rabota biologicheskikh sistem ochistki stochnykh vod, intensifitsirovannykh aktivnym kislorodom.

The results of the study on the treatment of sewage containing high concentrations of hardly oxidizable organic compounds are presented. The procedure for the sewage treatment is highly efficient because of interaction of the resultant active oxygen with both the pollutants and the microorganisms providing the sewage treatment.

[Problems of ecology. Technology of submerged biological treatment of sewage]. / Problemy ékologii. Tekhnologiia glubokoi biologicheskoi ochistki stochnykh vod.

A technological process is described for the submerged biological treatment of household and industrial sewage and in particular pharmaceutical industry and pooled sewage. The submerged biological treatment of the sewage to the maximum permissible concentrations adopted for the water in fish farming is achieved by the use of submerged and immobilized microorganisms in a multistage process under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and the use of chemically active and inert materials as carriers of the microorganisms inducing certain biological processes. The data on the ecological estimation of the treated sewage by the stages of the technological process are presented.

[Biophysico-chemical purification of highly concentrated waste water from antibiotic-producing plant]. / Biofizikokhimicheskaia ochistka vysokokontsentrirovannykh stochnykh vod proizvodstva antibiotikov.

The data on the studies performed in laboratory and pilot plant units (oxybiosorbers) on purification of sewage from antibiotic production are presented. The main technological parameters of the process were defined: the duration of the purification was 60 to 90 minutes, the unit had sections (the modulus column reactor was composed of 3 sections), the total dose of the oxidizing agent was divided to the number of the sections and supplied to each section. The oxybiosorbers were used for conducting processes of the contaminant catalytic oxidation i.e. sorption, biosorption and biooxidation requiring low rates. The process of purification in the oxybiosorbers was intensified by periodical purification of the charges (catalyst, sorbent and activated charcoal).

[The main principles of biophysical and chemical purification of highly concentrated liquid waste from antibiotic manufacture]. / Osnovnye printsipy biofiziko-khimicheskoi ochistki vysokokontsentrirovannykh zhidkikh otkhodov proizvodstva antibiotikov.

An approach to investigation of multicomponent systems such as plants designed for biophysicochemical purification of liquid sewage including diverse interconnected technological apparatus operating under routine conditions is described. A system analysis applied to a simplified technological scheme for collecting treated liquid sewage was used.

[UV-irradiation in the technology of purification of sewage waters from antibiotic production plants]. / UF-izluchenie v tekhnologii ochistki stochnykh vod proizvodstva antibiotikov.

Methods used in purification of sewage from organic pollution with UV irradiation, oxidants (O2, O3, H2O2, NaClO-, KMnO4, ClO- and HOCl) and photosensitizers are discussed on the basis of the literature data analysis. Certain trends in promising studies on sewage treatment in manufacture of antibiotics were defined.

[The detoxifying function of the liver in acute experimental intestinal obstruction]. / Detoksitsiruiushchaia funktsiia pecheni pri éksperimental'noi ostroi neprokhodimosti kishechnika.

The detoxifying function of the liver was studied in experiments on male rats with acute obstructive and strangulation ileus. Irrespective of its type, acute ileus was attended by marked diminution of hepatic detoxifying function the underlying factor of which was inhibited activity of the main microsomal enzymes and reduced content of cytochromes p50 and b5 in the liver. Intoxication of the organism and hypoxia developing in the liver were among the causes of inhibited activity of the microsomal enzymes. The detoxifying function is not normalized in the early periods after relief of acute intestinal obstruction.

[Electroflotation packing of mycelial wastes]. / Elektroflotatsionnoe uplotnenie mitselial'nykh otkhodov.

Data on testing a pilot plant for electroflotative packing of mycelial wastes are presented. Both the mycelial wastes and their mixtures were used. Concentration of dry substances raged from 3.5 to 131 g/l. The process was performed with varying flow density and consumption rate of the liquid supplied to the plant. Insoluble magnetite and ruthenium oxide anodes were used. The moister content in the packed phase was 81-97.5 per cent. The study provided specification of the process technological parameters and investigation of the flotator hydroulic characteristics.

[Assessment of the degree of electrochemical treatment of sewage using biotesting]. / Otsenka stepeni élektrokhimicheskoi obrabotki stochnykh vod s pomoshch'iu biotestirovaniia.

Studies were conducted on estimation of the toxicity levels in various oxygen-containing chlorine compounds formed during electrochemical treatment of sewage by using a culture isolated from activated sludge purifying antibiotic production waste. It was shown that the products formed during electrocatalytic treatment of solutions (concentration of NaCl 1.5-5 g/l, pH 2.0-12.0, volumetric current density up to 10 A/l) were not toxic and stimulated the growth of P. fluorescens.

[Intensive methods of sewage treatment]. / Intensivnye metody ochistki stochnykh vod.

The results of the study on intensive treatment of sewage are presented and the general approach to it is proposed. Formation of oxygen active forms in biological systems, their generation during physico-chemical treatment under definite conditions and interaction with organic substances provide higher purity levels in treatment of sewage.