[Association of microsatellite loci alleles of the group-5 chromosomes with frost resistance of winter wheat].

Analysis of frost resistance and microsatellite analysis of the group-5 chromosomes were performed on parental varieties and recombinant-inbred lines F7 Luzanovka odesskaya/Odesskaya krasnokolosaya. Allelic differences for Xcfd7-5B Xwmc415-5B and Xgwm 182-5D microsatellite loci were associated with the level of frost resistance of the lines.

[QTL marking of duration of the period up to winter wheat heading].

Duration of the period up to heading of 107 winter wheat cultivars of different origin has been studied. The most contrast for analyzed character cultivars, as well as F2 Omskaya ozimaya/Numbu Komugi individual plants were investigated with SSR-PCR methods to reveal DNA-markers for QTL of heading temps. Two loci Xgwm512 and Xgwm429 have been revealed to explain 19.3% (part of influence of the first locus--8.9%, of the second 10.4%) differences induration of the period up to heading of the F2 individuals in field conditions.

[Identification and characteristics of the 1R (1B) bread wheat substitution strains].

The 1R (1B) chromosome substitution has been identified at two introgression bread wheat stocks derived from the cross between an octoploid triticale and durum wheat. The substitution is marked by original alleles of the secaline coding loci Sec1 and Sec2. At rather low level of chromosome pairing, high winter-hardiness and frost resistance, and yield productivity both in favorable and in unfavorable years the stocks are differentiated for these traits.

[The differences of the effects of Vrd1 and Ppd-D1 gene alleles on winterhardiness, frost resistance, and yield in winter wheat].

The influence of allelic differences of Vrd1 and Ppd-D1 genes on winterhardiness, frost resistance, yield and its components was studied in recombinant-inbred F5 lines of Odesskaya 16/Bezostaya 1. From 9 to 15% differences in the resistance of recombinant-inbred lines were determined by alternative alleles of Vrd1 gene and 10-16% of Ppd-D1 gene. Interaction of vrd1 and Ppd-D1a alleles led to the higher winterhardiness and frost resistance of tillered plants during the winter. At the same time the significant increase of the period to heading, plant height and the tendency of yield reduction were revealed for vrd1 vrd1 Ppd-D1a Ppd-D1a lines when compared to the lines of Vrd1 Vrd1 Ppd-D1a Ppd-D1a genotype.

[The effects of gene Rht8 alleles in agronomic traits of winter bread wheat in the conditions of South Steppe of the Ukraine].

Resistance to frost, winterhardiness, yield and its components were investigated in recombinant-inbred lines F5 Odesskaya 16/Bezostaya 1 and 61 winter wheat varieties differing on the alleles of Rht8 gene. The absence of influence of gene Rht8 different alleles on the tested traits was shown. The high frequency of distribution of alleles Rht8c in modern wheat varieties developed in Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute is a result of high frequency of use of this allele in genetic pool after 1959.

[Chromosomal location of genes for vernalization duration (Vrd) in winter bread wheat].

In this study, we carried out monosomic analysis of two isogenic lines of cultivar Mironovskaya 808, monogenically dominant for genes Vrd1 and Vrd2 reducing the cultivar vernalization requirement duration from 50 to respectively 35 and 45 days, as well as analysis of substitution lines Cappelle Desperez/Bezostaya 1. Gene Vrdl is localized on chromosome 4A; Vrd2, on chromosome 5D. The third gene, which is not allelic to the former two, is present in cultivar Cappelle Desperez on either the IA, 6A, or 4B chromosome.

[Effects of vernalization duration control genes (Vrd) on agronomical traits in winter bread wheat].

In monogenic dominant for Vrd1 or Vrd2 genes almost isogenic lines and cultivars the shortening of the period before hadding duration, plant height reduction, and decrease of frost resistance particularly in the second half of winter and in spring have been shown. As for the determined traits the greater effect was detected for Vrd1 gene, the less one--for Vrd2. Genes Vrd1 and Vrd2 did not significantly influence the quantitative characteristics of yield components except the 1000 kernel weight. The use of monogenic dominant for Vrd2 genotypes is recommended to develop new dwarf cultivars for South step of Ukraine.

[Beginning and duration of expression of photoperiodic response genes in winter common wheat].

The influence of various Ppd genes on the beginning and duration of photoperiodic responce has been investigated in near isogenic lines of winter bread wheat Mironovskaya 808. During ontogenesis the photoperiodic responce is ascertained from the middle 2nd stage of ontogenesis according to Kuperman (usually a week later after vernalization completion in winter genotypes) and it is completed to the late 5th stage (2-3 weeks before heading). Different Ppd alleles do not affect the photoreaction intensity however they have an influence on its duration through the rate of development. Ppd-A1a and Ppd-B1a genes manifest shorter duration of expression when compared to the recessive alleles in the initial Mironovskaya 808 cultivar. Effect of the Ppd-B1a gene is stronger and of the Ppd-A1a is weaker.

[Duration of the period before heading and test for allelism in Ppd-lines of different origin].

The duration of periods to heading has been compared in lines which carry various Ppd genes from different institutions. Test for allelism has been conducted between these lines. Ppd-B1a gene is allelic to Ppd3 gene of near isogenic line Mironovskaya 808 (the set of SGI). In the set of SGI lines Ppd1 gene is allelic to Ppd-A1a. These two genes are non-allelic to the known Ppd-D1a gene.

[Marking the Vrd1 gene in the bread winter wheat].

PCR analysis was used to create DNA markers to the Vrd1 gene. DNA of almost isogenic lines with respect to Vrd genes of the cultivars Mironovskaya 808 and Erytrospermum 604 was used. It was shown that in the monogenic Vrd1 dominant genotypes the product of amplification (280 b.p.) is absent in comparison with the DNA of the vrd recessive and monogenic Vrd2 dominant genotypes. The linkage of the marker with the Vrd1 gene has been determined using DNA analysis of plant population obtained as a result of crossing of Erytrospermum 604 (vrd recessive) and Triple Dirk C (Vrd1vrd2). F2 population segragated in two groups on the character of 280 b.p. amplification product "presence/absence". The segregation significantly coincided to the theoretical one (by ?2 test) with 1:3 expectation. The revealed molecular marker identified homozygous dominant Vrd1 plants only. The DNA-marker to Vrd1 gene is nulle-allelic 280(-).

[Inheritance of heading date in crosses of wheat cultivar responsiveness to light intensity]. / Nasledovanie perioda "vskhody-koloshenie" pri skreshchivanii reagiruiushchikh na intensivnost' osveshcheniia sortov pshenitsy.

The inheritance of heading date has been studied in crosses of spring bread wheat cultivars differing in their reaction to various light intensities. The parental cultivars were similar in their Vrn and Ppd gene systems and differed in heading dates. Domination of higher reaction to light intensity has been shown in F1 on duration of "ear emergence-heading" period. Analysis of F2 populations has shown the identity of earliness per se genetic systems in Novosibirskaya 22 and Ordynskaya cultivars. Digenic differences have been revealed for both these cultivars from Tyumenskaya rannyaya cultivar on duration of "ear emergence--heading" period.

[Genetic control system of the differences in duration of vernalization in winter common wheat]. / Geneticheskaia sistema kontrolia razlichii po prodolzhitel'nosti iarovizatsii u ozimoi miagkoi pshenitsy.

Hypotheses of differences in genetic control on duration of vernalization for winter wheat have been considered. It has been shown that differences in this character are controlled by independent Vrd gene system. Monogenic dominant near-isogenic lines have been created. They differ in two non-allelic Vrd1 and Vrd2 genes with unequal expression. The response of created lines to photoperiodic changes and Vrd genes effects on various agronomic traits have been characterized. Vrd genotypes have been identified in a number of winter common wheat cultivars.

[Cytogenetic processes in the course of Triticum aestivum and Haynatricum hybridization]. / Tsitogeneticheskie protsessy pri gibridizatsii Triticum aestivum i Haynatricum

Meiosis in hybrids obtained in direct and return crossings between Haynatricum and wheat was studied. In F1 hybrids the possibility of stimulation of homoeologous pairing between the chromosomes of T. aestivum and T. dicoccum and, probably, H. villosum, if Haynatricum was used as pollinator, has been shown. This process is considerably intensified when the genes regulating chromosome pairing, in particular ph1b mutation, are used. In reciprocal crosses it was shown that wheat genotypes can differently influence on homoeologous chromosome pairing. In BC1 and F2 generations the chromosome compositions are determining which arise as a result of stochastic processes in premeiotic mitoses and in meiosis in F1 hybrids.

[Hybrids of Aegilops cylindrica Host with Triticum durum Desf. and T. aestivum L]. / Gibridy Aegilops cylindrica Host s Triticum durum Desf. i T.aestivum L.

The hybrids of durum and bread wheat with Ae. cylindrica have been obtained without using an embryo rescue technique. The hybrid output (of pollinated flower number) in the field conditions scored 1.0, 15.3 and 10.0% in the crosses T. durum x Ae. cylindrica, Ae. cylindrica x T. durum and T. aestivum x Ae. cylindrica, respectively. A high level of meiotic chromosome pairing between homologous D genomes of bread wheat and Aegilops has been revealed (c = 80.0-83.7%). The possibility of homoeological pairing between wheat and Ae. cylindrica chromosomes has been shown. Herewith, the correlation between the levels of homological and homoeological pairing is absent. The possibilities of genetic material interchange, including between the tetraploid species, as well as the using of Ae. cylindrica cytoplasm for durum wheat breeding are discussed.

[Application of RAPD for making DNA markers to Vrn genes]. / Ispol'zovanie RAPD-metoda dlia sozdaniia DNK-markerov k genam Vrn.

The possibility of using the PCR with arbitrary primers to mark Vrn genes, Vrn3 in particular, was investigated. RAPD-analysis of DNA of near isogenic lines on Vrn1, Vrn2 and Vrn3 loci in genefone of four varieties of winter wheat were carried out. Monogenic dominant lines by Vrn3 locus possessed 657 b.p. polymorphic DNA fragment. The possibility of using this polymorphic DNA amplicon as a molecular marker was confirmed by results of RAPD-analysis of DNA of some commercial wheat varieties of different ecological-geographic origin possessing dominant Vrn3 alleles, as well as by RAPD-analysis of F2 population from cross of monogenic Vrn3 dominant spring line with its recurrent parent--winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808. The results of RAPD are comparable with hybridological analysis data concerning type of development of plants from F2 population.

[Differences in the genetic systems controlling photoreaction and vernalization requirements in winter wheat]. / Razlichiia geneticheskikh sistem kontrolia fotoreaktsii i iarovizatsionnoi potrebnosti u ozimoi miagkoi pshenitsy.

Comparing of vernalization requirement and photoperiodic sensitivity in various winter genotypes and F4 lines was carried out. The results of genetic analysis of Ppd genotypes in the crosses of winter wheat cultivars differing in photosensitivity and duration of vernalization requirement are described. It has been shown that differences in duration of vernalization requirement are under control of independent genetic system, distinctive from Ppd gene system regulating level of photosensitivity. This independence does not deny the opposite possibility of Ppd genes to modify duration of vernalization requirement in winter wheat.

[The genetic systems of the type and rate of development in soft wheat]. / Geneticheskie sistemy tipa i skorosti razvitiia miagkoi pshenitsy.

25 years studying of particular genetics of wheat growth habit and rate development in Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute of UAAS was summed up. The main genetic systems involved in control of flowering response differences and possibility of application in breeding of genetic diversity of Vrn, Ppd genes, ear-lines per se and duration vernalization requirement were pointed out.