The effect of dietary supplementation of sage plant extract and Enterocin M on the mucus in the the small intestine and caecum in rabbits.

The aim of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of natural substances - enterocin M (Ent M; the proteinaceous substance produced by Enterococcus faecium CCM8558) and sage plant ( Salvia officinalis L.) extract on the production of mucus in the rabbits small intestine and caecum. Sixty four post-weaned rabbits (meat line M91) were divided into three experimental groups (EG - Ent M; SG - sage extract; ESG - combination Ent M with sage extract) and control group (CG). The experiment lasted for 35 days, the natural substances were administered during the first 21 days, Ent M in EG/ESG, sage extract in SG/ESG. The beneficial effect on mucus production quantity occured in the duodenum (p⟨0.001) and jejunum (p⟨0.01) in ESG compared to that found in CG on day 21, the prolonged effect in EG in the duodenum (p⟨0.001) compared to that observed in CG at the end of the experiment and to that in EG on day 21. The novelty of the study is in the application and monitoring the effect of non-rabbit-derived probiotic strain ( Enterococcus faecium CCM8558) bacteriocin - Enterocin M and sage plant extract on mucus quantity (expressed in gram) in different segments of the rabbit small intestine as well as the caecum. The results obtained indicate that supplementation of selected natural substances in the feed has the potent stimulatory effects on mucus production in the rabbit small intestine.

Effects of dietary supplementation with sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil on antioxidant status and duodenal wall integrity of laying strain growers.

The objective of this study was to compare the influence of four different concentrations of Salvia officinalis essential oil (EO) on animal health. A total of 50 laying strain chicks were randomly divided at the day of hatching into five dietary-treatment groups. Control group was given the basal diet (BD), the other four experimental groups contained BD supplemented with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g S. officinalis EO/kg diet, respectively. 0.1 g/kg EO increased glutathion peroxidase activity (GPx) in duodenal mucosa, liver and kidney, phagocytic activity in blood (PA), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in duodenal tissue and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma and liver. 0.25 g/kg EO increased GPx in liver, total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma, PA in blood and TEER in duodenal tissue. Our results demonstrate that lower concentrations of EO improve animals' health status, and that it is necessary keep in mind the selection of sufficient concentration of EO used as animal feed additive.

[Uptake of amino acids in the rumen epithelium in sheep]. / Zadrzanie amínokyseliny v bachorovom epiteli oviec.

By the modification of the methods which are used for determination of amino acid uptake in the mammary gland and in the small intestine the uptake of 14C-lysine was measured in two parts of the sheep rumen epithelium in vitro. Three various lysine concentrations were used (0.95; 4.95 and 9.95 mM/l). Duration of the incubation was 15, 30 or 60 minutes. Comparison of the lysine distribution ratios as depending upon the duration of incubation period in the dorsal rumen sac at 9.95 mM/l concentration revealed significant differences between at the 15 min and 60 min incubation (0.952 +/- 0.089 vs 1.931 +/- 0.108; P < 0.05, respectively) and between 30 min and 60 min incubation (1.165 +/- 0.138 vs 1.931 +/- 0.108, P < 0.05, respectively)-Fig. 1. Comparison of the lysine distribution ratios as depending upon the duration of incubation period in the ventral rumen sac at 4.95 mM/l concentration revealed significant differences between the incubations of 15 and 30 min (1.182 +/- 0.131 vs 1.742 +/- 0.113; P < 0.05, respectively) and between the incubations of 15 and 60 min (1.182 +/- 0.131 vs 2.10 +/- 0.204; P < 0.05, respectively)-Fig. 2. Comparison of the lysine distribution ratios in both the dorsal and ventral sac as depending upon the duration of incubation period after 15 min incubation revealed a significant difference at the 4.95 mM/l concentration 1.619 +/- 0.078 vs 1.182 +/- 0.131; P < 0.05, respectively)-Fig. 3. Our results showed that the lysine uptake in the dorsal and ventral sheep rumen epithelium is dependent on the incubation duration only under certain concentrations of lysine. Differences in absorption of lysine between dorsal and ventral rumen epithelium are not mostly significant.

[Transfer of amino acids across the rumen epithelium in sheep: interaction between leucine and lysine]. / Prestup aminokyselín cez bachorový epitel oviec: interakcie medzi leucínom a lyzínom.

Experiments were conducted on six head of sheep of the Slovak Merino breed with average live weight of 40 kg. The sheep received 0.4 kg of industrially produced molasses feed M and 1 kg of meadow hay once a day. The feed ration for a head of sheep per day contained: 1177.58 g dry matter, 89 g digestible crude protein (SNL), 0.554 starch units. The animals had free choice of water. Rumen epithelium with submucosa was used in the experiment. Amino acid transfer was measured in a mucosa-serosa direction. Amino acids were dissolved in Thyrode's solution with pH value 6.9 on the mucosa side and 7.4 on the serosa side. A constant temperature of 39 degrees C was maintained during the experiment. The epithelium area was 13.2 cm2 for either part of the experiment. Lysine and leucine were incubated separately in the first part of experiment. These concentrations were used: 5, 25, 50 and 75 mumol/l. The values of lysine and leucine readings are denoted as control lysine (lysine K) and control leucine (leucine K) in the result section. Lysine and leucine were incubated simultaneously in the second part of experiment: Lys 5 mumol/l-Leu 5 mumol/l; Lys 5 mumol/l--Leu 15 mumol/l; Lys 5 mumol/l--Leu 20 mumol/l; Lys 25 mumol/l--Leu 25 mumol/l; Lys 25 mumol/l--Leu 75 mumol/l. The values of lysine readings on the other part of experiment are denoted as experimental lysine (lysine P). Figs. 1 and 2 show transfer of control lysine and leucine through the rumen epithelium as depending upon their concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[In vitro transport of amino acids across the rumen mucosa in sheep]. / Prestup aminokyselín cez bachorovú sliznicu oviec in vitro.

Transfer of six amino acids through rumen epithelium of sheep has been studied on mucous and serous sides. Amino acids were classified into two groups: 1. lysine-arginine-glutamic acid, 2. glycine-alanine-leucine. The transfer of amino acids in triads was measured after 60 min. incubation. To determine amino acids transfer through rumen epithelium, three concentrations of amino acids were used: 1500: 150 and 15 mumol per 50 ml. In the first group of amino acids, the highest transfer of arginine was found in comparison with lysine and glutamic acid in all concentrations. The lowest transfer was found in glutamic acid. It follows from this that initial concentration of amino acids in the first group had no effect on amino acids transfer as far as the transfer of amino acids was as follows in all concentrations: arginine greater than lysine greater than glutamic acid. On the other hand, the composition of amino acids and initial concentration of amino acids in the second group exhibited the marked dependence on the transport of amino acids. The transfer of amino acids at the concentration of 1500 mumol per 50 ml was as follows: the passage of amino acids was the highest while this was lowest in alanine and leucine, at the concentration 150 mumol per 50 ml the highest transfer was found in alanine, it was lower in glycine and lowest in leucine and at the concentration 15 mumol per 50 ml the transfer of glycine was highest, lower in leucine and lowest in alanine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)