Serum cytokine profile as a potential prognostic tool in colorectal cancer patients - one center study.

AIM: Comparison of 14 cytokines levels between a control group and prospectively enrolled CRC patients to confirm their significance in CRC development. We tested if a model based on 14 cytokines levels could predict prognosis in Caucasian CRC patients treated with 5-FU based chemotherapy. BACKGROUND: Novel prognostic tools in colorectal cancer (CRC) are necessary to optimize treatment, reduce toxicity and chemotherapy (CHT) costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed prognostic significance of 14 cytokines: IL-1 beta, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL12p70, IL-13, IL-17A in 75 prospectively enrolled CRC patients before initiation of palliative or adjuvant CHT and in 22 control subjects. Readings were taken using the Bio-Plex 200 System. Response to treatment was assessed after 6 months from initiation of CHT. The treated group was divided depending on the response into a progressors (death, progression of disease) and non-progressors group (stable disease, partial response, complete response). RESULTS: We found that increased concentration of IL-8 was a negative prognostic factor in the whole group and palliative subgroup, whereas increased level of IL-10, IL-7, and IL-12p70 was a negative predictor in the adjuvant group CHT. CONCLUSIONS: We proposed a statistical model based on circulating cytokine levels, showing a good prognostic value in prediction of the response to CHT (AUC = 0.956). The model, including combined IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13 levels, established in the whole treated group, should be validated in larger trials.

[Galectins in hematological malignancies--role, functions and potential therapeutic targets]. / Galektyny w nowotworach hematologicznych--rola, funkcje i potencjalne mozliwosci wykorzystania w terapii.

Galectins are a family of lectins characterized by an affinity for ß-galactosides through the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The extracellular and intracellular presence of Galectins has been described. Their activity and functions are mainly attributed to cell type. The tumor microenviroment is a complex milieu connected with immunosupression, angiogenesis and hypoxic compartments. The studies of interactions between Glycans-Lectins are highly advanced and promising. We are not able to explain the pathogenesis of many diseases only by protein-protein interactions, that is why in these studies is a chance to find a new therapeutic targets. Galectins play a fundametal functions in tumor growth and progression, angiogenesis, adhesion, tumor immune-escape. They are also active in inflammation, fibrosis, organogenesis and immunological functions. The most known Galectin is Gal-3. Depending on the localization Gal-3 may exhibit either pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic activity. This publication presents role of Galectins in hematological malignancies and shows potencial prognostoic value and new therapeutic possibilities.