[Application of superoxide dismutase preparation for the prophylaxis of post-traumatic broncho-pulmonary complications]. / Primenenie preparata superoksiddismutazy dlia profilaktiki posttravmaticheskikh bronkholegochnykh oslozhnenii.

The effectiveness of endobronchial application of superoxide dismutase (SOD) for prevention of posttraumatic bronchopulmonary complications was analyzed in 11 patients with severe combined traumas and dominating injuries of the chest. It was shown that severe combined traumas sharply initiate processes of free radical oxidation in tissues, intensify prooxidative activity, deplete total antioxidative activity and its important link--plasma and erythrocyte SOD. Endobronchial instillation of SOD after a severe combined trauma results in increased intracellular activity of catalase, total antioxidative activity, SOD, decreased production of lipid peroxides in homogenate of the pellet of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), reduced number of neutrophiles and higher number of lymphocytes in BAL pellet. Posttraumatic endobronchial instillation of SOD reliably improves the respiratory and metabolic function of the lungs, improves the surfactant system of the lungs, bronchial patency, reduces the number of cases of posttraumatic pneumonia.

[Role of fiber bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of severe mechanical trauma]. / Rol' bronkhofibroskopii v diagnostike i lechenii tiazheloi mekhanicheskoi travmy.

The article elucidates specific features of bronchopulmonary pathology diagnosed by bronchofibroscopy in 218 patients with severe mechanical traumas. The indications to primary and repeated bronchofibroscopies are formulated. The significance of emergency and urgent bronchofibroscopy for early diagnosis of different bronchopulmonary consequencies of the trauma is shown. A description is given of endoscopic signs of contusion of the lung, aspiration syndrome, injuries of the tracheobronchial tree, different degrees of tracheobronchites, causes of lung atelectasis. The bronchofibroscopy is shown to be effective in prophylactics and treatment of bronchopulmonary pathology. The endobronchial administration of antibiotics, glucocorticoid hormones, mucolytic and proteolytic agents were shown to be effective as well as the performance of programmed bronchofibroscopy in prophylactics and treatment of bronchopulmonary complications. A classification of bronchofibroscopy in patients with severe mechanical traumas is proposed.

[Rendering surgical care to wounded with neck wounds in an armed conflict]. / Okazanie khirurgicheskoi pomoshchi ranennym v sheiu v vooruzhennom konflikte.

The results of rendering of the medical care (the first aid, qualified and specialized) obtained in 172 servicemen with neck injuries who stayed in Republic of Chechnya during the period from 09.08.1999 to 28.07.2000 were analyzed. Basing on the results of analysis and experience of casualties' treatment the authors discuss the problems of sequence and volume of surgical care in this group of casualties with reference to available medical evacuation system, surgical tactics at the stage of specialized care. They also consider the peculiarities of operative treatment of the casualties with neck injuries.

[Surgical tactics in spontaneous pneumothorax]. / Khirurgicheskaia taktika pri spontannom pnevmotorakse.

219 cases of nonspecific spontaneous pneumothorax have been analysed. The bullous lung disease was the reason of pneumothorax in 55% of cases. Diagnostic and curative thoracoscopy is an important element of diagnosis. It was performed in 45 patients. Surgical operations were done in 56 patients. An active surgical policy in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is advocated. Partial and subtotal pleurectomy plays an important role in surgery, especially in diffuse bullous lung disease.

[A rare case of tracheobronchomegaly]. / Redkoe nabliudenie trakheobronkhomegalii.

The reported case confirms that tracheobronchomegaly may have a symptomless course. Exacerbation of process may be interpreted as "pneumonia". Only in the long course of the disease without positive clinico-roentgenological dynamics the correct diagnosis is established.

[Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary echinococcosis in young patients]. / Diagnostika i lechenie ékhinokokkoza legkikh u patsientov molodogo vozrasta.

Of the 55 young patients with echinococcosis of the lungs and pleura, in half the disease was revealed at prophylactic roentgenofluorography, in 11.5%--at examination for other disease, in 38.1%--when taking medical advice. The retrospective analysis of the roentgenofluorograms performed earlier has shown that in 18.2% of the patients no small, localized in the basal pulmonary segments echinococcal cysts were revealed. The complicated forms were diagnosed in 11%, multipole echinococcosis--in 7.3% of the patients. In complex examination, the correct preoperative diagnosis was established in 91% of the patients. The reaction of latex-agglutination with echinococcal diagnosticum was positive in the titer 1:8 and higher in 57.9% of the cases. All the patients were operated on. The outcomes of surgical treatment are good. The complications which didn't not require reintervention occurred in 9.1% of the patients.