Exploiting personalized information for reagent selection in drug design.

Drug discovery is currently being industrialized. This fact is confusing, given that it is happening in times when the rest of the world has entered the subsequent information age. Here, we introduce a concept and an infrastructure for the now popular and well-known recommender systems in the context of exploiting one of the cornerstones of drug design: chemical reagent selection. The goal is to create and transfer information openly to facilitate intuition and serendipity in drug design. The system is tailored to highlight reagents from our corporate reagent database; reagents that a chemist might not have considered based purely on their own experience.

Tumor attenuation by 2(6-hydroxynaphthyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside requires priming of heparan sulfate and nuclear targeting of the products.

We have previously reported that the heparan sulfate-priming glycoside 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside selectively inhibits growth of transformed or tumor-derived cells. To investigate the specificity of this xyloside various analogs were synthesized and tested in vitro. Selective growth inhibition was dependent on the presence of a free 6-hydroxyl in the aglycon. Because cells deficient in heparan sulfate synthesis were insensitive to the xyloside, we conclude that priming of heparan sulfate synthesis was required for growth inhibition. In growth-inhibited cells, heparan sulfate chains primed by the active xyloside were degraded to products that contained anhydromannose and appeared in the nuclei. Hence the degradation products were generated by nitric oxide-dependent cleavage. Accordingly, nitric oxide depletion reduced nuclear localization of the degradation products and counteracted the growth-inhibitory effect of the xyloside. We propose that 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside entered cells and primed synthesis of heparan sulfate chains that were subsequently degraded by nitric oxide into products that accumulated in the nucleus. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the xyloside administered subcutaneously, perorally, or intraperitoneally was adsorbed and made available to tumor cells located subcutaneously. Treatment with the xyloside reduced the average tumor load by 70-97% in SCID mice. The present xyloside may serve as a lead compound for the development of novel antitumor strategies.