Further insights into the floral character of Touriga Nacional wines.

Higher-quality Touriga Nacional (TN) wines are characterized by a fruity-citric aroma described as sweet and fresh citrus evoking the bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia). In fact, "bergamot-like" descriptor is currently employed to rate higher quality TN wines. The aim of this work was to identify among volatile compounds present in bergamot fruit extracts (mainly terpenes) which of them contributes the most to the bergamot overall perception, and relate these data with the volatile composition of TN wines. The identification of the most important descriptors was done by sensory analysis. Among 18 descriptors 3 were selected: bergamot-like aroma, orange like, and violet. A GCO of a typical TN wine extract allows the identification of 3 related odorant zones ZO1, ZO2, and ZO3 related with bergamot-like aroma. Using AEDA, ZO2 was confirmed to be one of the most important odorant zones. Using AEDA the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate was confirmed. A similarity test was performed with a non-TN wine added with linalool and linalyl acetate alone or in combinations. The highest similarity value was observed when linalool (SV = 5.9) was added. In fact, results obtained from the analysis of several red wines from different varieties show that terpenols are present in higher amounts in wines coming from TN variety, which proves that these compounds can be the clue to the varietal aroma of TN wines.

[Musculoskeletal connections. Study of two cases of oto-mandibular dysplasia]. / Connexions musculo-squelettiques. Etude de deux cas de dysplasies oto-mandibulaires.

The current genetic data stress the importance of musculo-skeletal connections in the development of a coherent system connecting the tendons and aponeurosis muscles with the osseous parts. The observations in tomodensitometry of musculo-skeletal connections in otomandibular dysostosis make it possible qualitatively to observe the development of the muscles and their functions.

Differentiation of white wines by their aromatic index.

Wines from four Galician white varieties (Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura and Dona Branca) with 1992 to 1995 vintages have been analysed, in order to obtain their characterisation by the aromatic index. Monoterpenes, higher alcohols, ethyl esters, fatty acids, acetates, volatile phenols and heavy sulphur compounds were analysed by gas chromatography alone and together with mass spectrometry. Flavour compositions were similar for each wine obtained from grapes harvested in different years. Comparisons between odour unit values (OUV) from each wine variety and from these vintages were similar. However, odour profiles of Galician wines from these years were clearly differentiated. A correct differentiation could be achieved between samples elaborated with different varieties, when principal component and linear discriminant analysis were applied to the OUV data.

[Paris V and vertical dimension]. / Paris V et la dimension verticale.

For pedagogic reasons, the department of dento-facial orthopedics of the university of Paris V thinks that: the diagnosis would be based on the evaluation of some characteristics; the prognosis would appreciate possible dento-alveolar compensations; the orthopedic, orthodontic and surgical treatment would coincide perfectly with these diagnosis and prognosis data. The authors' opinion is based on records of dysmorphic and normal persons.