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1.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol ; 12: 1395959, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38860138

RESUMO

The bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Rps) colonizes plant xylem vessels and blocks the flow of xylem sap by its biofilm (comprising of bacterial cells and extracellular material), resulting in devastating wilt disease across many economically important host plants including tomatoes. The technical challenges of imaging the xylem environment, along with the use of artificial cell culture plates and media in existing in vitro systems, limit the understanding of Rps biofilm formation and its infection dynamics. In this study, we designed and built a microfluidic system that mimicked the physical and chemical conditions of the tomato xylem vessels, and allowed us to dissect Rps responses to different xylem-like conditions. The system, incorporating functional surface coatings of carboxymethyl cellulose-dopamine, provided a bioactive environment that significantly enhanced Rps attachment and biofilm formation in the presence of tomato xylem sap. Using computational approaches, we confirmed that Rps experienced linear increasing drag forces in xylem-mimicking channels at higher flow rates. Consistently, attachment and biofilm assays conducted in our microfluidic system revealed that both seeding time and flow rates were critical for bacterial adhesion to surface and biofilm formation inside the channels. These findings provided insights into the Rps attachment and biofilm formation processes, contributing to a better understanding of plant-pathogen interactions during wilt disease development.

2.
Opt Express ; 32(12): 20812-20822, 2024 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38859452

RESUMO

In the terahertz (THz) band, modulation research has become a focal point, with precise control of the phase shift of THz waves playing a pivotal role. In this study, we investigate the optical control of THz phase shift modulation in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-vanadium dioxide (VO2) flexible material using THz time-domain spectroscopy. Under the influence of an 808-nm continuous wave (CW) laser with power densities ranging from 0 to 2.74 W/cm2, the PDMS-VO2 flexible material exhibits significant phase shift modulation in the frequency range of 0.2 to 1.0 THz. The maximum optical-pumping phase shift reaches 0.27π rad at 1.0 THz in a composite material with a VO2 mass fraction of 5% and a thickness of 360 µm, and the amplitude transmittance from 0.2 THz to 1.0 THz exceeds 70%. Furthermore, the composite material exhibits good stability under at least 640 switching cycle times, as confirmed through repeatability tests. The proposed composite devices offer a new approach for more flexible phase shift modulation owing to the flexibility of the composite material and the non-contact and precise modulation of light control. Additionally, the stress-adjustable characteristics of flexible materials make them highly suitable for use in wearable THz modulators, highlighting their significant application potential.

3.
Appl Opt ; 63(11): 2981-2993, 2024 Apr 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38856397

RESUMO

The imaging quality of a rotational reflection high-speed tracking system is greatly affected by the optical characteristics of the reflector and the depth of field limitations of the imaging system, especially for tracking systems working in small distances. In order to improve the imaging quality, this paper focused on two factors that affect the imaging quality: double vision caused by the optical characteristics of reflectors and blurring caused by the depth of field of imaging systems. This paper quantified the impact of these two factors on imaging through theoretical analysis, proposed a method of changing the hardware position, and conducted a simulation and experiments. The results show that the proposed solution in this paper can effectively improve the imaging quality of the system. The content studied in this paper has certain significance in the field of high-speed tracking of rotating reflectors and can provide reference for relevant researchers.

4.
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 40(2): 112-117, 2024 Apr 25.
Artigo em Inglês, Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38847024

RESUMO

Dental age estimation is a crucial aspect and one of the ways to accomplish forensic age estimation, and imaging technology is an important technique for dental age estimation. In recent years, some studies have preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating dental development, providing a new perspective and possibility for the evaluation of dental development, suggesting that MRI is expected to be a safer and more accurate tool for dental age estimation. However, further research is essential to verify its accuracy and feasibility. This article reviews the current state, challenges and limitations of MRI in dental development and age estimation, offering reference for the research of dental age assessment based on MRI technology.


Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Dente , Humanos , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Dente/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Odontologia Legal/métodos
5.
Drug Discov Today ; 29(8): 104069, 2024 Jun 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38936692

RESUMO

Lenvatinib is a multikinase inhibitor that suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), as well as the proto-oncogenes RET and KIT. Lenvatinib has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the first-line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its superior efficacy when compared to sorafenib. Unfortunately, the development of drug resistance to lenvatinib is becoming increasingly common. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the factors that lead to drug resistance and ways to mitigate it. We summarize the molecular mechanisms that lead to lenvatinib resistance (LR) in HCC, which involve programmed cell death (PCD), translocation processes, and changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and provide strategies to reverse resistance.

6.
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 40(2): 128-134, 2024 Apr 25.
Artigo em Inglês, Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38847026

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To establish age estimation models of northern Chinese Han adults using cranial suture images obtained by CT and multiplanar reformation (MPR), and to explore the applicability of cranial suture closure rule in age estimation of northern Chinese Han population. METHODS: The head CT samples of 132 northern Chinese Han adults aged 29-80 years were retrospectively collected. Volume reconstruction (VR) and MPR were performed on the skull, and 160 cranial suture tomography images were generated for each sample. Then the MPR images of cranial sutures were scored according to the closure grading criteria, and the mean closure grades of sagittal suture, coronal sutures (both left and right) and lambdoid sutures (both left and right) were calculated respectively. Finally taking the above grades as independent variables, the linear regression model and four machine learning models for age estimation (gradient boosting regression, support vector regression, decision tree regression and Bayesian ridge regression) were established for northern Chinese Han adults age estimation. The accuracy of each model was evaluated. RESULTS: Each cranial suture closure grade was positively correlated with age and the correlation of sagittal suture was the highest. All four machine learning models had higher age estimation accuracy than linear regression model. The support vector regression model had the highest accuracy among the machine learning models with a mean absolute error of 9.542 years. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of skull CT-MPR and machine learning model can be used for age estimation in northern Chinese Han adults, but it is still necessary to combine with other adult age estimation indicators in forensic practice.


Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto , Povo Asiático , Suturas Cranianas , Aprendizado de Máquina , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Humanos , Suturas Cranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , China/etnologia , Masculino , Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , Antropologia Forense/métodos , Teorema de Bayes , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Etnicidade , Modelos Lineares , População do Leste Asiático
7.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; : e202405671, 2024 May 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38781001

RESUMO

Proteoglycans (PGs), consisting of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) linked with the core protein through a tetrasaccharide linkage region, play roles in many important biological events. The chemical synthesis of PG glycopeptides is extremely challenging. In this work, the enzymes required for synthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS) PG (CSPG) have been expressed and the suitable sequence of enzymatic reactions has been established. To expedite CSPG synthesis, the peptide acceptor was immobilized on solid phase and the glycan units were directly installed enzymatically onto the peptide. Subsequent enzymatic chain elongation and sulfation led to the successful synthesis of CSPG glycopeptides. The CS dodecasaccharide glycopeptide was the longest homogeneous CS glycopeptide synthesized to date. The enzymatic synthesis was much more efficient than the chemical synthesis of the corresponding CS glycopeptides, which could reduce the total number of synthetic steps by 80 %. The structures of the CS glycopeptides were confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis and NMR studies. In addition, the interactions between the CS glycopeptides and cathepsin G were studied. The sulfation of glycan chain was found to be important for binding with cathepsin G. This efficient chemoenzymatic strategy opens new avenues to investigate the structures and functions of PGs.

8.
Materials (Basel) ; 17(10)2024 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38793429

RESUMO

Currently, coastal sandy soils face issues such as insufficient foundation strength, which has become one of the crucial factors constraining urban development. Geotechnical engineering, as a traditional discipline, breaks down disciplinary barriers, promotes interdisciplinary integration, and realizes the green ecological and low-carbon development of geotechnical engineering, which is highly important. Based on the "dual carbon" concept advocating a green and environmentally friendly lifestyle, Bacillus spores were utilized to induce calcium carbonate precipitation technology (MICP) to solidify coastal sandy soils, leveraging the rough-surface and low-permeability characteristics of silty soil. The mechanical-strength variations in the samples were explored through experiments, such as calcium carbonate generation rate tests, non-consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments, to investigate the MICP solidification mechanism. The results indicate that by incorporating silty soil into sandy soil for MICP solidification, the calcium carbonate generation rates of the samples were significantly increased. With the increase in the silty-soil content, the enhancement range was 0.58-3.62%, with the maximum calcium carbonate generation rate occurring at a 5% content level. As the silty-soil content gradually increased from 1% to 5%, the peak deviator stress increased by 4.2-43.2%, enhancing the sample shear strength. Furthermore, the relationship between the internal-friction angle, cohesion, and shear strength further validates the enhancement of the shear strength. Silty soil plays roles in adsorption and physical filling during the MICP solidification process, reducing the inter-particle pores in sandy soil, increasing the compactness, providing adsorption sites, and enhancing the calcium carbonate generation rate, thereby improving the shear strength. The research findings can provide guidance for reinforcing poor coastal sandy-soil foundations in various regions.

9.
Macromol Rapid Commun ; : e2400172, 2024 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38627960

RESUMO

Polymer memristors represent a highly promising avenue for the advancement of next-generation computing systems. However, the intrinsic structural heterogeneity characteristic of most polymers often results in organic polymer memristors displaying erratic resistive switching phenomena, which in turn lead to diminished production yields and compromised reliability. In this study, a 2D conjugated polymer, named PBDTT-BPQTPA, is synthesized by integrating the coplanar bis(thiophene)-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene (BDTT) as an electron-donating unit with a quinoxaline derivative serving as an electron-accepting unit. The incorporation of triphenylamine groups at the quinoxaline termini significantly enhances the polymer's conjugation and planarity, thereby facilitating more efficient charge transport. The fabricated polymer memristor with the structure of Al/PBDTT-BPQTPA/ITO exhibits typical non-volatile resistive switching behavior under high voltage conditions, along with history-dependent memristive properties at lower voltages. The unique memristive behavior of the device enables the simulation of synaptic enhancement/inhibition, learning algorithms, and memory operations. Additionally, the memristor demonstrates its capability for executing logical operations and handling decimal calculations. This study offers a promising and innovative approach for the development of artificial neuromorphic computing systems.

10.
J Cell Mol Med ; 28(8): e18332, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38661644

RESUMO

The role of KIAA0040 role in glioma development is not yet understood despite its connection to nervous system diseases. In this study, KIAA0040 expression levels were evaluated using qRT-PCR, WB and IHC, and functional assays were conducted to assess its impact on glioma progression, along with animal experiments. Moreover, WB was used to examine the impact of KIAA0040 on the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Our study found that KIAA0040 was increased in glioma and linked to tumour grade and poor clinical outcomes, serving as an independent prognostic factor. Functional assays showed that KIAA0040 enhances glioma growth, migration and invasion by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Of course, KIAA0040 enhances glioma growth by preventing tumour cell death and promoting cell cycle advancement. Our findings suggest that targeting KIAA0040 could be an effective treatment for glioma due to its role in promoting aggressive tumour behaviour and poor prognosis.


Assuntos
Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioma , Janus Quinase 2 , Fator de Transcrição STAT3 , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Glioma/genética , Glioma/patologia , Glioma/metabolismo , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Janus Quinase 2/genética , Camundongos Nus , Prognóstico , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética
11.
Aesthetic Plast Surg ; 2024 Apr 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38653821

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Because of its unique advantages, frontal expansion has become a common tool for Asian nasal reconstruction, but it has the limitations of prolonging the duration and pain in the expansion area. Based on the fact that the denervation effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been widely used in the reconstruction of superficial organs, we hypothesized that BTX-A would shorten the length of nasal reconstruction sequence and alleviate the discomfort of patients. METHODS: A comparative retrospective study was conducted of consecutive patients underwent sequential treatment of nasal reconstruction between June 2010 and July 2012. Data on demographics, BTX-A injection plan and expansion duration were collected and analyzed. Phased pain intensity outcomes were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). Photographs were collected during the follow-up period. RESULTS: Thirty patients were enrolled in the study; 15 (50%) with and 15 (50%) without BTX-A pre-injection. Demographic data were homogeneous. The duration of the observation group (BTX-A pretreated) (133.87 ± 13.64 days) was significantly shortened versus the control group (164.27 ± 14.08 days, P<0.001). At the initial stage, no significant difference was found in the VAS scores (P=0.64). At the medium stage, the VAS score of the observation group (2.07 ± 0.80) was significantly lower than the control group (3.00 ± 0.53, P<0.01). At the terminal stage, the VAS score of the observation group (1.93 ± 0.59) was significantly lower than the control group (2.73 ± 0.70) but with a narrower disparity. CONCLUSION: Pre-injection of BTX-A is effective in shortening the duration of the expansion phase, as well as relieving the pain associated with expansion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: The journal asks authors to assign a level of evidence to each article. For a complete description of Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, see the Table of Contents or the online Instructions for Authors at www.springer.com/00266 .

12.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao ; 40(3): 705-721, 2024 Mar 25.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38545972

RESUMO

Euglena gracilis is a unicellular eukaryote between animal and plant cells, which is widely distributed in nature. E. gracilis has both plant and animal characteristics, and can grow photoautotrophically, heterotrophically and mixotrophically. E. gracilis also features on abundant and various cellular composition. Recently, extensive researches on unique cellular components of E. gracilis have revealed its application in the field of medicine, food, and feedstuff, in terms of improving immunity, fighting inflammation, and lowering uric acid levels. The application prospects of paramylon in biomedical area were also discovered. As food ingredients, food additives, feedstuffs and cosmetic ingredients, E. gracilis has been certified domestically and overseas. A series of products have been developed overseas, especially in Japan. However, the research and development of E. gracilis are still in its infancy in China, and there is huge space for development. At present, the research and potential application of cultivation and product functions of E. gracilis have been rarely reviewed. This review systematically examines both the domestic and abroad research of cultivation and production of E. gracilis, as well as the biological activity of E. gracilis powder and paramylon. The existing problems in the application, exploitation, and possible development direction of E. gracilis in the future are prospected. This review might be useful for establishing and optimizing large-scale and efficient heterotrophic technology, as well as developing related products of E. gracilis with specific functions.


Assuntos
Euglena gracilis , China , Processos Heterotróficos
13.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 416(12): 3073-3083, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38514583

RESUMO

Diquat (DQ), paraquat (PQ), glufosinate (GLU), and glyphosate (GLYP) are commonly used herbicides that have been confirmed to be toxic to humans. Rapid and accurate measurements of these toxicants in clinical practice are beneficial for the correct diagnosis and timely treatment of herbicide-poisoned patients. The present study aimed to establish an efficient, convenient, and reliable method to achieve the simultaneous quantification of DQ, PQ, GLU, and GLYP in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) without using derivatization or ion-pairing reagents. DQ, PQ, GLU, and GLYP were extracted by the rapid protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction method and then separated and detected by LC-MS/MS. Subsequently, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, dilution integrity, and stability were evaluated to validate the method based on the FDA criteria. Finally, the validated method was applied to real plasma samples collected from 166 Chinese patients with herbicide poisoning. The results showed satisfactory linearity with low LOD (1 ng/mL for DQ and PQ, 5 ng/mL for GLU, and 10 ng/mL for GLYP, respectively) and low LOQ (5 ng/mL for DQ and PQ, 25 ng/mL for GLU and GLYP, respectively). In addition, the precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, and stability of the method were acceptable. The matrix effect was not observed in the analyzed samples. Moreover, the developed method was successfully applied to determine the target compounds in real plasma samples. These data provided reliable evidence for the application of this LC-MS/MS method for clinical poisoning detection.


Assuntos
Aminobutiratos , Diquat , Glicina , Glifosato , Herbicidas , Limite de Detecção , Paraquat , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/sangue , Aminobutiratos/sangue , Diquat/sangue , Diquat/intoxicação , Paraquat/sangue , Paraquat/intoxicação , Herbicidas/sangue , Herbicidas/intoxicação , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
14.
Facial Plast Surg ; 2024 Apr 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38547925

RESUMO

Due to the prevalence of anterior maxilla dysplasia in Asian population, paranasal concavity is a common accompaniment to low nose, but its impact on facial harmonization is often underestimated. A retrospective comparative study was conducted on patients diagnosed as low nose with paranasal concavity between June 2017 and June 2021, with a total of 56 patients followed up successfully. The control and observation groups were established according to whether the paranasal augmentation was performed. Demographic data were collected. Cosmetic enhancement was quantitatively evaluated by sagittal planimetry, establishing related anatomical landmarks and measuring columella base prominence (CBP) and alar base prominence (ABP). Subjective evaluation concluded the patient-reported satisfaction (FACE-Q-Rhinoplasty Module and Facial Appearance Module) and the third-party physician assessment (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, GAIS).Significant improvements in CBP and ABP were reported both in the control and the observation group (p < 0.01). In postoperative intergroup comparisons, the observation group was superior to the control group regarding ABP values (2.5 ± 0.75 degrees, p < 0.01), FACE-Q-Facial scores (7.49 ± 3.70, p < 0.05), and GAIS scores (p < 0.05). However, no statistical difference was found in CBP values and FACE-Q-Rhinoplasty scores. Paranasal augmentation-related complications included asymmetry of alar bases (6.9%) and facial or intraoral foreign body sensation (34.5%). This study affirmed that paranasal augmentation using diced costal cartilage in rhinoplasty is a safe procedure effective in remedying paranasal concavity and improving facial satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: IV.

15.
Appl Opt ; 63(4): 1094-1104, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38437408

RESUMO

High-speed tracking technology has wide applications in the military and aerospace industry. However, existing approaches, such as camera arrays or Doppler radar systems, suffer from high cost and inconvenience. This paper reports a high-speed target tracking control system based on short-time rotational reflection imaging, specifically aimed at overcoming certain limitations. In the system we designed, a high-speed camera coupled with a rotating reflector is used to achieve reliable high-speed target tracking. This paper first introduces the working principle and mathematical model of the system, then analyzes the key technologies, including motor response delay time and rotational speed curve fitting, and, finally, verifies the feasibility of the system and the correctness of the theory based on a series of experiments. Experimental results demonstrated that our work is efficient and accurate in target tracking and image clarity. The developed system demonstrates significant potential for widespread use across military and aerospace sectors. Furthermore, the insights gained from our investigation into key technologies could act as a reference point for fellow researchers in related scientific areas.

16.
Nanotechnology ; 35(23)2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430569

RESUMO

Achieving highly efficient broadband absorption is an important research area in nanophotonics. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to design broadband near-perfect absorbers, consisting of a four-layer hemispherical concentric nanoshell array. The proposed nanostructure supports absorptivity exceeding 95% in the entire visible region, and the absorption bandwidth is determined by the interaction or 'hybridization' of the plasmons of the inner and outer metal-based nanoshells. Moreover, the designed absorber has wide-angle capability and is insensitive to polarization. The simple structure, as well as the stable absorption properties, suggests that such core-shell nanostructures can serve as a potential candidate for many applications such as solar energy harvesting, photo-detection, and emissivity control.

17.
Int J Legal Med ; 138(4): 1509-1521, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38332350

RESUMO

Bone age assessment (BAA) is crucial in various fields, including legal proceedings, athletic competitions, and clinical medicine. However, the use of X-ray methods for age estimation without medical indication is subject to ethical debate, especially in forensic and athletic fields. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with non-ionizing radiation can overcome this limitation in BAA. This study aimed to compare the application value of several MRI modalities of proximal humeral in BAA. A total of 468 patients with shoulder MRIs were retrospectively collected from a Chinese Han population aged 12-30 years (259 males and 209 females) for training and testing, including T1 weighted MRI (T1WI), T2 weighted MRI (T2WI), and Proton density weighted MRI (PDWI). Optimal regression models were established for age estimation, yielding mean absolute error (MAE) values below 2.0 years. The MAE values of T1WI were the lowest, with 1.700 years in males and 1.798 years in females. The area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy values of different MRI modalities of 16-year and 18-year thresholds were all around 0.9. For the 18-year threshold, T1WI outperformed T2WI and PDWI. In conclusion, the three MRI modalities of the proximal humerus can serve as reliable indicators for age assessment, while the T1WI performed better in age assessment and classification.


Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto , Epífises , Úmero , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Criança , Epífises/diagnóstico por imagem , Epífises/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Úmero/diagnóstico por imagem
18.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg ; 91: 94-102, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38402818

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In East Asian individuals, the nasal bone already has sufficient height for an ideal dorsal profile, but the tip requires enhancement for a desired projection. Consequently, the gap between the intrinsic bony structure and the established nasal tip requires appropriate management. The options are either to reduce the keystone region to create a smooth bed for a conventional dorsal onlay graft or to preserve the original osseocartilaginous structures and then customize a supplementary graft. The aim of this study was to detail and validate the utilization of a relay graft, a transition graft that fills the structural gap between the upper dorsum and established tip graft. The proper application of this graft could prevent osteotomy and preserve the intrinsic dorsum. METHODS: Relay grafts were applied during rib-based rhinoplasty in East Asian patients. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric evaluations of the patients were performed. Anthropometric points were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Outcome variables were tip projection improvement, radix elevation, and the angulation of kyphion and pronasale. RESULTS: Fifteen female patients, ranging in age from 21 to 40 years (average 24.5 years), were included. In all cases, the relay graft was applied as one essential element for filling the structural gap. No crooked dorsal profile or visible graft was noted in all cases. Fifteen patients completed the pre- and postoperative stereophotogrammetric study. Postoperative analysis showed great improvement of tip position as well as a slight elevation of the radix, evidenced by the consistent change of kyphion/pronasale angulation and sellion elevation. CONCLUSIONS: The relay graft effectively mitigates the necessity of a disruptive dorsal reduction. It is entirely possible for East Asians to achieve a smooth dorsal profile when only the lower half of the dorsum is transitioned to the proposed tip position. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.


Assuntos
Rinoplastia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , População do Leste Asiático , Septo Nasal/cirurgia , Nariz/cirurgia , Fotogrametria , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rinoplastia/métodos
19.
J Imaging Inform Med ; 37(2): 611-619, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38343227

RESUMO

Adult age estimation is one of the most challenging problems in forensic science and physical anthropology. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate machine learning (ML) methods based on the modified Gustafson's criteria for dental age estimation. In this retrospective study, a total of 851 orthopantomograms were collected from patients aged 15 to 40 years old. The secondary dentin formation (SE), periodontal recession (PE), and attrition (AT) of four mandibular premolars were analyzed according to the modified Gustafson's criteria. Ten ML models were generated and compared for age estimation. The partial least squares regressor outperformed other models in males with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.151 years. The support vector regressor (MAE = 3.806 years) showed good performance in females. The accuracy of ML models is better than the single-tooth model provided in the previous studies (MAE = 4.747 years in males and MAE = 4.957 years in females). The Shapley additive explanations method was used to reveal the importance of the 12 features in ML models and found that AT and PE are the most influential in age estimation. The findings suggest that the modified Gustafson method can be effectively employed for adult age estimation in the southwest Chinese population. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of machine learning models to assist experts in achieving accurate and interpretable age estimation.

20.
Biol Reprod ; 110(4): 808-818, 2024 Apr 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38169437

RESUMO

The Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis a.) are an endemic and critically endangered species in China. Intensive captive breeding is essential for understanding the biology of critically endangered species, especially their pregnancy characteristics, knowledge of which is crucial for effective breeding management. Urine metabolomics can reveal metabolic differences, arising from physiological changes across pregnancy stages. Therefore, we used the urinary metabolomic technology, to explore urinary metabolite changes in pregnant Yangtze finless porpoises. A total of 2281 metabolites were identified in all samples, which including organic acids and derivatives (24.45%), organoheterocyclic compounds (20.23%), benzenoids (18.05%), organic oxygen compounds (7.73%), and phenylpropanoids and polyketides (6.48%). There were 164, 387, and 522 metabolites demonstrating differential abundance during early pregnancy, mid pregnancy, and late pregnancy, respectively, from the levels observed in nonpregnancy. The levels of pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and tetrahydrocortisone were significantly higher during all pregnancy stages, indicating their important roles in fetal development. The differential metabolites between nonpregnancy and pregnancy were mainly associated with amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, metabolic activity varied across pregnancy stages; steroid hormone biosynthesis was predominant in early pregnancy, and amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism were predominant in mid pregnancy and late pregnancy, respectively. Our results provide new insights into metabolic characteristics in the Yangtze finless porpoises' urine during pregnancy, and indicate that the differential levels of urine metabolites can determine pregnancy in Yangtze finless porpoises, providing valuable information for the husbandry and management of pregnant Yangtze finless porpoises in captivity.


Assuntos
Toninhas , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Toninhas/fisiologia , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Metabolômica , China , Aminoácidos
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