[Analysis of Water Quality Change and Its Driving Factors of the Xiaoqing River Estuary in Recent Ten Rears].

According to the monitoring data of pollutant concentration in the Xiaoqing River estuary from 2008 to 2017, 13 pollutants affecting water quality were selected. The trends of changes in water quality were identified mainly by the pollution index method, and the driving factors affecting water quality changes were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by the Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis method and the principal component analysis. The results showed that the water quality of the Xiaoqing River estuary was improved and the pollution was greatly reduced from 2008 to 2017. The pollution factors were still above the limits to varying degrees; COD and petroleum were the most serious pollutants, TP came second, and the remaining pollutants basically met the water quality standards of the Ⅲ. The pollution degree of petroleum, COD, NH4+-N, NO2--N, and As showed an overall downward trend, and the pollution degree of TP, NO3--N, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Cr6+ showed an upward trend to different degrees. Social and economic factors were the main driving factors affecting the water quality of the Xiaoqing River. The discharge of pollutants and the changes in land use type led to serious water pollution overall in the Xiaoqing River, whereas the improvement of sewage treatment rate and the implementation of water environmental protection policy were the main factors affecting the water quality improvement of the Xiaoqing River. Natural factors were the secondary driving factors affecting the water quality of the Xiaoqing River. Climate and hydrological factors, such as temperature, sunshine duration, precipitation, and instantaneous runoff, also indirectly affected the water quality to different degrees.

Aporphine Alkaloids from Illigera aromatica from Guangxi Province, China.

Three undescribed aporphine alkaloids laurodionine B (1), illigerine A (2), and N-formyl-laurolitsine (3) were isolated from the methanolic extracts of the Chinese medicinal plant, Illigera aromatica, together with three known analogues (4-6). The chemical structures of 1-6 were identified by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). Compounds 1-3 showed moderate inhibitory activities in vitro against two cultured tumor cell lines, Hela and SMMC7721, with IC50 values of 32.42-62.90 µM. Only compound 1 had in vitro cytotoxic activity against Bcap37 cells, with the IC50 value of 90.61 µM.

The cytological observation of immune adherence of porcine erythrocyte.

The immune adherence (IA) between the porcine erythrocytes and the opsonized Escherichia coli carried green fluorescent protein gene (GFP-E.coli) were detected by the fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with an attempt to verify the existence of IA between the porcine erythrocytes and complemented-opsonized microbes. Under fluorescence microscopy, GFP-E.coli opsonized by fresh rabbit serum complement adhered to the erythrocytes and could not be detached by PBS washing, and no IA was observed between the erythrocytes and nonopsonized GFP-E.coli after co-incubation. SEM and TEM also revealed the existence of IA between the serum complement-opsonized GFP-E.coli membrane and the erythrocyte membrane. The partial complement receptor type 1 (CR1)-like gene from porcine was generated by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA 3' end (3' RACE) (157bp and 578bp), both of which have high similarity with published mammal's CR1 gene. The sequences were spliced based on homology comparison and submitted to GenBank (GenBank Accession No. JX033989). These results indicated that the porcine erythrocytes were able to bind to the opsonized microorganisms. Furthermore, the sequencing results confirmed that the CR1-like gene exists in porcine.