RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an acute tick-borne infectious disease with increasing morbidity and mortality, but is rarely considered in clinical practice. Because human-to-human transfusion or nosocomial transmission can occur, diagnosis is difficult when the history of tick bites is not clear. METHODS: We present clinical features and laboratory data of HGA patients who had no clear tick bite history. RESULTS: All patients in the study presented with a high fever, petechiae, purpura, nose bleeding and leukopenia, and patients had abnormally high levels of serum ferritin and C-reactive protein. Morulae in leukocytes were observed in three patients. Foamy histiocytes and slight erythrophagocytic activity were only found in severely ill patients. CONCLUSION: In patients with fever and thrombocytopenia in whom no other diagnosis is evident on clinical assessment, HGA should be considered in the differential diagnosis, and tested for serologically if possible. For patients in whom the diagnosis of HGA is possible, and to whom tetracyclines can safely be given, it is apparent that these drugs hasten recovery and improve the prognosis.
Assuntos
Anaplasma phagocytophilum/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Febre/microbiologia , Trombocitopenia/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Anaplasmose/sangue , Anaplasmose/microbiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos , Criança , China/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Ixodes , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Picadas de Carrapatos/complicações , Doenças Transmitidas por CarrapatosRESUMO
Biotrickling filter often offers a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional air pollutant control technologies,but major problems with clogging of the filters due to a high biomass accumulation will provent it from the industried uses.In this paper,the effect of the high biomass accumulation in an air pollution treatment with a biotrickling filter is discussed.Two parameters with specific surface area with biofilm growth(?_ f ) and the bed porosity with biofilm(?_ f )are used to analyse its principle of accumulation.Finally,some control measures including chemical methods,physical machine-made methods and other control methods are overviewed.
