[How to stimulate the placental function (author's transl)]. / Cómo estimular la función placentaria.

Imminent abortion, habitual abortion and threatened premature labor, all constitute difficult clinical problems. Those cases require on every occasion a diagnosis as acurate as possible, and unfortunately our present methods of biochemical determinations only represent a means to evaluate placental function. On those cases where a faulty placental function is detected thru the tests presently available, the authors recommend the utilization of a placentotropic substance, Gestanon, that is capable to stimulate and normalize the placental function, a is demostrated by the statistical results published in the international medical bibliography.

[Post-pill amenorrhea and anovulation (author's transl)]. / Amenorrea y anovulación tras el empleo de contraceptivos hormonales.

The numerous pregnancies that occur as early as the first cycle after the discontinuation of an oral contraceptive prove that in general ovulation reappears immediately and that after a period of "rest" more or less prolonged the ovaries reasume their normal function very rapidly. However, in less than 1% of the cases the discontinuation of oral contrecption is followed by anovulation or even amenorrhea. The authors try to find an explanation to this over supression syndrome and review the different treatments that have been proposed in the bibliography, but keeping in mind that within a year 14% of the anovulations and 5% of the amenorrbeas will have disappeared spontaneously.

PIP: The numerous pregnancies which occur as early as the 1st cycle after discontinuation of an oral contraceptive prove that ovulation generally reappears immediately. After the period of rest the ovaries resume their normal function very rapidly. However, in less than 1% of the discontinuation is followed by anovulation or even amenorrhea. Within a year, 14% of the anovulations and 5% of the amenorrheas disappear spontaneously. Treatment should be considered after 6-12 months continuation of the problem. This might include the use of corticosteroids, clomiphene, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone, derivatives of ergocriptine. If the patient does not want to become pregnant a palliative treatment may be considered to diminish the inhibition of the hypothalamus.

[Recent advances in the hormonal treatment of sterility (author's transl)]. / Adquisiciones recientes en el tratamiento hormonal de la esterilidad

The present trends in the utilization of hormones in the treatment of sterility are reviewed, special reference being made to the utilization of gonadotrophins, hypothalamic hormones and gonadal hormones as well as other substances (clomiphene, epimestrol, cyclophenyl) that are also utilized in this type of treatments.

PIP: Special reference is made to the use of gonadotropins, gonadal hormones, and other substances such as chlomiphene, epimestrol, and cyclophenyl in the treatment of sterility. Diagnostic methods are discussed as determining the cause of sterility is crucial to the success of treatment. Clinical evidence of hormonal therapy is included and various studies are cited.

[Recent progress in the hormonal treatment of sterility]. / Acquisitions récentes dans le traitement hormonal de la stérilité

PIP: The 5 general types of hormonal treatment of female and male sterility reviewed here are gonadotropins, gonatoropin-releasing hormone, clomiphine, cyclophenil, and epimestrol. One must 1st diagnose whether a woman is sterile at the ovarian, hypothalamic, or pituitary level, whether she is amenorrheic, menstruating and ovulating or not. Usually human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) is given for 12 days, then human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to incude ovulation. Doses must be regulated to achieve a ratio of luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) of less than 1 in the beginning of the cycle, up to 2 at ovulation, or results can be assessed clinically by vaginal smear, cervical mucus, and ovarian size. Usually pregnancy occurs within 1-3 months, but seldom after 6 months of treatment. LH-releasing hormone (RH) has been used since 1970 after a course of HMG, with variable results. Estrogens are effective in some anovulatory women. Clomiphine is the most effective fertility drug: 50-150 mg is given for 3-5 days, followed by HCG. Cyclofenil, 3-methoxy-17-epi-estriol, and Sexovid are slightly less effective, but produce fewer side effects and cases of hyperstimulation than clomiphine. Methods used for men include gonadotr opins, clomiphine and LH-RH, with variable results depending on the caus e of their infertility.^ieng