Network pharmacological and molecular docking verification of the mechanism of Osteoking in preventing deep vein thrombosis of lower limb.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to predict the mechanism of Osteoking in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb by network pharmacology and molecular docking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relevant active components and targets of Osteoking were collected through the TCMSP database, and the relevant disease targets of DVT were collected through the GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases. The intersecting gene targets of Osteoking and DVT were obtained using Venny 2.1.0 software. PPI network construction and core target selection using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. The Metascape database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of relevant targets. Finally, the molecular docking of the main active components and key targets was carried out. RESULTS: There are 361 potential targets and 71 core targets of Osteoking in preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb. Signal pathways are involved in various diseases such as cancer, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and more. Some of the most common pathways include AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and Calcium signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components of Osteoking had relatively stable binding activities with the key targets. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoking can play a role through multiple targets and multiple signal pathways to prevent the formation of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb after fracture.

Vertical profiles of community and activity of methanotrophs in landfill cover soils of different age.

AIM: Aerobic CH4 oxidation is an important process controlling CH4 release from landfills to the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between CH4 oxidation activity and methanotrophs abundance and diversity in landfill cover soils of different age. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among the three investigated sites, the highest CH4 emission occurred at the active landfill area with the range of 1371-2242 mg m(-2)  day. The CH4 oxidation activities of landfill cover soils were 1·07-1·21 µmol g(-1)  h(-1) in the landfill area of 7-16 years, which was 7-17 times higher than those in the active landfill area. The relative abundance of methanotrophs assessed by quantification of pmoA gene was about 1·7 × 10(6) -2·4 × 10(7)  copies g(-1) in the landfill cover soils. The CH4 oxidation activity was positively correlated with pmoA copy number in the landfill cover soil of each site, respectively. Type II methanotrophs (Methylocystis) and type I methanotrophs including Methylosoma, Methylocaldum and Methylococcus were all present in the landfill cover soils. Compared to type I methanotroph, type II methanotroph, Methylocystis, was more abundant in the acidic landfill cover soils. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidation activity and community structure of methanotrophs varied with depth and age of landfill cover soils. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These findings provide new fundamental information regarding the activity and diversity of methanotrophs in landfill cover soils of different age that may aid predicting and modelling CH4 flux from landfills.

Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues--the GEMS/Food program in China.

This paper covers the monitoring activities of organochlorine (OCS) pesticide residues in the GEMS/Food program, which China took part in for the first time in 1992. The levels of HCH and DDT were determined in 355 samples of eight main varieties of food, taken from five provinces and cities. The results show that the positive rate of HCH is 69%, of which 99.44% is in accord with the National Standards of Food Hygiene of China. As to DDT, the two rates are 42% and 100% respectively. The daily intakes of HCH and DDT are 0.22 mg/kg.bw and 0.54 mg/kg.bw respectively, which are far below their corresponding ADls. Compared with those in 1970s, the OCS residues have decreased significantly. Therefore the monitored varieties of food are safe to people's health.