[Fast screening and confirmation of 73 common prohibited compounds in cosmetics by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry].

A high throughput screening method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF HRMS) was developed for the simultaneous and rapid confirmation of 73 prohibited compounds in cosmetics. The sample was dispersed in a saturated sodium chloride solution and ultrasonically extracted using acetonitrile containing 0.2% (v/v) formic acid. The resultant solution was centrifuged and then cleaned using dispersive solid phase extraction using a primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent. The purified solution was centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 µm membrane before determination. The optimal pretreatment method was determined by comparing the recovery rates obtained using different extraction solvents and different amounts of purifying agents. The chromatographic separation conditions and mass spectrometry scanning mode were also optimized. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) with gradient elution using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phases. The eluent from the column was further detected using Q-TOF HRMS with the high resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRM HR) scanning mode. Retention time, precise mass of parent ion, isotope abundance ratio, and precise mass of fragment ions were the parameters considered for rapid untargeted screening and confirmation. The matrix effects of water- and cream-based cosmetics were investigated. The matrix effects could be addressed using the matrix matched standard curve method. The correlation coefficients for the 73 prohibited compounds were all >0.99 in the corresponding linear concentration range. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 5-150 µg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 15-450 µg/kg. Average recoveries were in the range of 60.3%-130.3% at three spiked levels, and the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.8%-10.0% (n=6) and 1.1%-15.0% (n=3), respectively. A total of 692 cosmetics samples were screened; 16 positive samples were detected, namely, sulfamethoxazole, meprednisone, lincomycin, 4-acetamidophenol, trimethoprim, alfacalcidol, betamethasone 17-valerate, brimonidine, chloramphenicol, chlorpheniramine, clobetasol propionate, crotamiton, econazole, ketoconazole, prednisone 21-acetate, and prednisone, with content in the range of 0.5-1136.1 mg/kg. The optimized method is accurate, fast, and simple, and it is suitable for the routine detection and rapid screening of common prohibited compounds in cosmetics. In addition, a screening and confirmation library was established for the 650 prohibited compounds using SCIEX OS and Library View software, using information-dependent acquisition (IDA)-MS/MS mode for MS data acquisition. The database contains multiple types of information, including formulas, theoretical exact mass, retention time, precise mass of parent ion, isotope abundance ratio, and fragment ion distribution. The library can be used for the simultaneous and rapid confirmation of prohibited compounds in cosmetics.

Trileaflet Aortic Valve Reconstruction Using Bovine Pericardium.

AIM: For several years now, trileaflet aortic valve reconstruction has been performed in patients with various aortic valve diseases. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and durability of trileaflet aortic valve reconstruction with bovine pericardium. METHOD: Trileaflet aortic valve reconstruction with bovine pericardium was performed in 519 patients with various aortic valve diseases from April 2008 to December 2019. The results for all 519 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Mean age was 48.04±19.08 years (range, 13-80 years), and 40 patients were younger than 18 years of age. Thirty-four (34) patients had aortic stenosis, 344 patients had aortic regurgitation, and 141 patients had both aortic stenosis and regurgitation. One hundred and fifty-four (154) patients had bicuspid aortic valves, and three patients had quadricuspid aortic valves. The size of the pericardial leaflets was designed to be individually proportional to the size of the aortic root. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 41.97±22.68 years (range, 1-127 months). In total, 448 patients were reviewed, and the follow-up rate was 86.4%. All procedures were successful without conversion to prosthetic valve replacement during the procedure. Six (6) patients died after the procedure (in-hospital mortality, 1.2%). All-cause mortality occurred in 11 patients during the follow-up period. The 10-year cumulative survival rate was 94.7%±2.9%. Redo aortic valve surgery was performed in 11 patients after the procedure. The actuarial freedom from redo aortic valve surgery after the procedure was 88.2%±5.2%. At the end of the follow-up, the mean peak was 29.1±9.6 mmHg and mean gradient was 15.6±6.2 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: The mid- and long-term outcomes in patients with various aortic valve diseases undergoing trileaflet aortic valve reconstruction with bovine pericardium are encouraging. The engineered pericardial leaflets should be individually proportional to the size of the aortic root.

miR-484 targeting of Yap1-induced LPS-inhibited proliferation, and promoted apoptosis and inflammation in cardiomyocyte.

Apoptosis and inflammation were the main hallmarks of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). Yes-associated protein isoform 1 (Yap1) and miR-484 were involved in mitochondrial fission and apoptosis, especially proapoptotic roles in SIC. Here, we investigated the role of Yap1 and miR-484 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated H9c2 cells. Yap1 was downregulated, while miR-484 was elevated by LPS treatment. Cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, western blotting, and ELISA showed that miR-484 inhibitor significantly improved cell viability, decreased apoptosis, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome formation, and reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6. Yap1, directly targeted by miR-484 shown in the luciferase assay, was more like a compensatory regulator of LPS stimulation. Knockdown of Yap1 inverted the effects of miR-484 inhibitor, including decreased cell viability, and promoted apoptosis and inflammation. These revealed miR-484 directly targeted mRNA of Yap1 to inhibit cell viability, and promote apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-treated H9c2 cells.

Effect of sub-hypothermia blood purification technique in cardiac shock after valvular disease surgery.

To observe the effect of sub-hypothermia (HT) blood purification technique in the treatment of cardiac shock after heart valve disease.The patients were randomly divided into normothermic (NT) continuous blood purification (CBP) group (NT group) and HT CBP group (HT group). Observe the cardiac index (CI), the oxygen delivery (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) ratio, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III(APACHE III) score, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score, dynamic monitoring of electrocardiograph, blood loss with or without muscle tremors, intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation time, CBP time, and the cases of infection and mortality at 0 day, 1 day, 2 day, 3 day; all above indicators were compared between 2 groups.Ninety-five patients were randomly assigned into HT group (48 cases) and NT group (47 cases); there were no significant differences between the 2 groups for age, gender, pre-operative cardiac function, cardiothoracic ratio, and type of valve replacement (P > .05). There were no significant differences among the 1 day, 2 day, 3 day after recruited for CI, DO2/VO2 ratio, APACHE III score, MODS score (P > .05). But in HT group, DO2/VO2 ratio had been significantly improved after treatment for 1 day (2.5 ±â€Š0.7 vs 1.8 ±â€Š0.4, P = .024), and CI (3.0 ±â€Š0.5 vs 1.9 ±â€Š0.7, P = .004), APACHE III score (50.6 ±â€Š6.2 vs 77.5 ±â€Š5.5 P = .022), MODS score (6.0 ±â€Š1.5 vs 9.3 ±â€Š3.4, P = .013) also had been significantly improved after treatment for 3 days. In clinical outcomes, there were no significant differences between 2 groups for blood loss (617.0 ±â€Š60.7 ml vs 550.9 ±â€Š85.2 ml, P = .203), infection ratio (54.17% vs 53.19%, P = .341), the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (31.25% vs 36.17%, P = .237), and muscle tremors (14.58% vs 8.51%, P = .346), while there were significant differences between 2 groups for intensive care unit stay (6.9 ±â€Š3.4 days vs 12.5 ±â€Š3.5 days, P = .017,), mechanical ventilation time (4.2 ±â€Š1.3 days vs 7.5 ±â€Š2.7 days, P = .034,), CBP time (4.6 ±â€Š1.4 days vs 10.5 ±â€Š4.0 days, P = .019), mortality (12.50% vs 23.40%, P = .024). But the incidence of bradycardia in HT group was much higher than the NT group (29.16% vs 14.89%, P = .029).HT blood purification is a safer and more effective treatment than NT blood purification for patients who suffered from cardiac shock after valve surgery.

Single cusp replacement in patients with ventricular septal defect and aortic insufficiency.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the mid- and long-term outcome of single cusp replacement in patients with ventricular septal defect and aortic insufficiency. METHODS: From September 2005 through March 2014, 172 patients underwent single cusp replacement and ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure. The median age was 19.5 years (range, 9 months to 67 years). Additional techniques were used to repair associated anomalies including sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, subaortic membrane, and intramural coronary artery. RESULTS: One patient with large left ventricle (preoperative end-diastolic diameter: 9.8 cm) died after the procedure from incurable heart failure. Four patients required a second pump run for residual aortic insufficiency (AI) (two patients, 1.16%) and residual VSD (two patients, 1.16%). Four patients required re-exploration for postoperative bleeding or cardiac tamponade. Mean follow-up was 53.27 ± 25.37 months (median, 56.5 months; range, 3 to 104 months). Redo aortic valve surgery was performed in three patients. Three patients had moderate-severe AI during the following period without reoperation. There was no post-operative endocarditis. CONCLUSION: Single cusp replacement can be safely used in patients with VSD-AI.