Nested Case-control Study of Occupational Radiation Exposure and Breast and Esophagus Cancer Risk among Medical Diagnostic X Ray Workers in Jiangsu of China.

Medical diagnostic X-ray workers are one occupational group that expose to the long-term low-dose external radiation over their working lifetime, and they may under risk of different cancers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the occupational X-ray radiation exposure and cancer risk among these workers in Jiangsu, China. We conducted Nested case-control study to investigate the occupational X-ray radiation exposure and cancer risk. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire, which includes but not limits to demographic data, personal behaviors and family history of cancer. Retrospective dose reconstruction was conducted to estimate the cumulative doses of the x-ray workers. Inferential statistics, t-test and 2 tests were used to compare the differences between each group. We used the logistic regression model to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cancer by adjusting the age, gender. All 34 breast cancer cases and 45 esophageal cancer cases that detected in a cohort conducted among health workers between 1950~2011 were included in this presented study, and 158 cancer-free controls were selected by frequency-matched (1:2). Our study found that the occupational radiation exposure was associated with a significantly increased cancer risk compared with the control, especially in breast cancer and esophageal cancer (adjusted OR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.19-7.04 for breast cancer; OR=4.19, 95% CI: 1.87-9.38 for esophageal cancer, and OR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.92-6.12 for total cancer, respectively). The occupational X-ray radiation exposure was associated with increasing cancer risk, which indicates that proper intervention and prevention strategies may be needed in order to bring down the occupational cancer risk.

Association between two genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis.

The widely studied candidate genes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, angiotensinogen (AGT), and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), are implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). A number of studies have evaluated the association between the functional polymorphisms, AGT M235T and AGTR1 A1166C, and DN risk with conflicting results. The present meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall risk of these polymorphisms associated with DN on 4,377 DN cases and 4,905 controls from 34 published case-control studies by searching electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles. We examined the association between each polymorphism and the risk of DN by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and calculated the ORs for different genetic model. In addition, stratification analysis by ethnicity and diabetes mellitus (DM) type was conducted. In this meta-analysis, we failed to find any significant main effects in both overall analysis and stratified analysis for the AGT M235T. However, the overall analysis detected a significant association between the AGTR1 A1166C and the risk of DN for the CC compared with the AA and dominant genetic model (CC vs. AA: OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.00-4.44; dominant model: OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.06-4.23). In subgroup analysis, only patients with T2DM showed significant association for CC vs. AA model and dominant model (CC vs. AA: OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.21-9.08; dominant model: OR = 3.50, 95% CI: 1.41-8.69). This study suggests that the AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism may contribute to DN development, particularly in T2DM patients.

Association between genetic polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis comprising 26,580 subjects.

INTRODUCTION: The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still conflicting. The present meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the overall risk of this polymorphism associated with DN in different groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A predefined search was performed on 14,108 DN cases and 12,472 controls from 63 published studies by searching electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis, we found a significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of DN for all genetic models (ID versus II: odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.24; DD versus II: OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.13-1.44; allele contrast: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.23; dominant model: OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.31; and recessive model: OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.30, respectively). In stratified analysis by ethnicity and DM type, we further found that the Asian group with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed a significant association for all genetic models (ID versus II: OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.47; DD versus II: OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.24-1.98; allele contrast: OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.15-1.46; dominant model: OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.10-1.69; and recessive model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.15-1.56, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that the ACE I/D polymorphism may contribute to DN development, especially in the Asian group with T2DM.

Common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in breast cancer families: a meta-analysis from systematic review.

A number of molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted the screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in breast cancer patients with a positive family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer and reported many common mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated in breast cancer in different population and different ethnicity. However, it's still lack of a systematic analysis on these mutations. To comprehensively evaluate the frequency and distribution of common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations which associated with breast cancer risk, we address this issue through system review and meta-analysis on 29 relevant published studies by conducting a literature search on PubMed and CNKI. 20 common founder germline mutations were identified from all 29 studies and 4 of BRCA1 (5382insC, 185delAG, 3819del5 and 4153delA) and 2 of BRCA2 (4075delGT, 5802del4) mutations were repeatedly reported twice or more in different articles, respectively. For the BRCA1, after conducting meta-analysis, we found that the overall frequency of 5382insC was 0.09 (95% CI 0.06-0.12), the frequency of 185delAG was 0.07 (95% CI 0.01-0.13), the frequency of 3819del5 was 0.02 (95% CI 0.01-0.04) and the frequency of 4153delA was 0.06 (95% CI 0.03-0.09). For the BRCA2, the overall frequency of 4075delGT was 0.02 (95% CI 0.00-0.03) and the frequency of 5802del4 was 0.07 (95% CI 0.04-0.11). This article provides a set of common mutations for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and the results may help to explore frequencies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a given population and will be of significance both for diagnostic testing and for epidemiological studies.

Association between regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) -28C/G polymorphism and asthma risk--a meta-analysis.

Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) is one of the most extensively studied C-C chemokines in allergic inflammation. A growing body of evidence suggests that many cell types present in asthmatic airways have the capacity to generate RANTES, which directly supported the potential role of RANTES in asthma. A number of studies have evaluated the functional polymorphism -28C/G in the RANTES promoter region, which had been found to affect the transcription of the RANTES gene, in relation to asthma susceptibility. However, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. This meta-analysis on 1894 asthma cases and 1766 controls for -28C/G from 9 published case-control studies showed that the variant allele -28G was associated with significantly increased risk of asthma (GG+CG vs CC: OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.08-1.41) without any between-study heterogeneity.In the stratified analysis by asthma type, age and ethnicity, we found that the increased asthma risk associated with -28G/C polymorphism was more evident in children (OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.06-1.45), Asian group (OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.04-1.56) and African group (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.07-2.78). These results suggest that RANTES -28G/C polymorphism may contribute to asthma development, especially in children and in Asian population. Additional well-designed large studies were required for the validation of this association.